Research On Japanese Cybersecurity Official-civilian Cooperation

In order to deal with the increasingly severe cyber threats,Public-Private Partnership(PPP)has become the main approach to promote the cyber security strategy for Japan and other major countries in the world.As one of the first countries to carry out PPP in cyber security,Japan has developed a relatively mature approach and achieved good results.China is now actively promoting government-enterprise cooperation and military-civilian integration in cyberspace.Reasonably learning from the practical experience of Japan's PPP in cyber security will help to promote the development of China's relevant sectors.Starting from the definition of PPP,this research divides the elements of it into goals,subjects,task division and cooperative relations.The process of carrying out PPP can be divided into four steps: determining the necessity of cooperation,determining the feasibility of cooperation,designing and planning cooperation,and implementing cooperation.This research has built a longitudinal framework according to the process of carrying out PPP.Objectively,the open and anonymous cyberspace is dependent on the civil society.Besides,cyber threats are continuously spreading and escalating.All these features have made cyberspace a field that the Japanese government could no longer cope with alone.Compared with the government,private bodies such as major infrastructure operators and enterprises have unique natural advantages in preventing and discovering cyber security threats and taking timely measures to deal with cyber security events.Subjectively,the yearning of public and private sectors to achieve development and security through cyberspace has become the inner driver of the cooperation between the two sides.The Japanese government has established a favorable political environment for the PPP in cyberspace.At the same time,the huge advantages in information technology of the private sectors can provide fundamental support for this cooperation.Firstly the research makes it clear that it is necessary and feasible for the Japanese government to carry out PPP.On the basis of that,the research divides Japan's configuration of PPP into three stages: “initial stage”,“transition” and “establishment”,marked by the release of important policy documents.Each stage is studied and analyzed according to the elements of the cooperation: goals,subjects,task division,and ways of cooperation,so as to have an overall understanding of the history and changing rules of the top design of Japan's PPP.Japan's planning and adjustments of PPP in cyber security are based on its basic judgment of the then cyber security environment.At present,Japan believes that cyberspace is in a process of integration with physical space.Based on this judgment,it sets PPP as the fundamental concept and practice of the cyber security strategy.The government,major infrastructure operators,enterprises,educational institutions,individuals and those engaged in industries related to cyberspace have been identified as PPP subjects.At the same time,“overall leadership of the government with the cooperation from private sectors” has been established as the way of cooperation.Hence,a government-led division of task has been established.Based on this configuration,Japan has launched a series of concrete actions and formed a set of regular practices,including: Giving play to the main role of the government to consolidate the top-level design of cyber security strategy;Relying on resources of private sectors to ensure the core elements of cyber security strategy;Increasing the intensive investment in important fields like cyber security strategy through joint efforts of public and private sectors.However,public and private sectors in Japan have different priorities.Laws and regulations concerning the obligations of PPP subjects from both public and private sectors need further improvement.Meanwhile,the PPP subjects from private sectors may become more passive under a framework led by public sectors.These problems will pose potential barriers to the PPP in cyber security.In the future,the Japanese public and private sectors will further expand and strengthen cooperation in defense and artificial intelligence in a more systematic way.China should learn from the useful experience of Japan's PPP in cyber security.It is suggested to elevate the PPP to a national strategy and establish it as a basic and long-term practice to promote the construction of cyber security.In this way we can continuously facilitate the vigorous development of cyberspace sectors in China.