A Study On The Impact Of The Interaction Between The Built Environment And Psychological Factors On The Physical Activity Of The Elderly

Objectives:Understand the physical activity of senior citizens aged 60 to 80 years in Nanjing,and explore the relationship between built environment factors and mental health factors and physical activity of the elderly,and the interaction between built environment and mental health factors on the physical activity of older people.Physical activity interventions provide an effective basis.Methods:This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 271 eligible senior citizens in Xuanwu District and Qinhuai District of Nanjing.The survey consists of four parts:sociodemographic characteristics survey;physical activity related living environment questionnaire(PANES);mental health questionnaire for the elderly;International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).The results were processed and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics,correlation,regression,variance,and simple effects.The contents of the analysis mainly include the relationship between built environment variables and physical activity of the elderly;the relationship between mental health variables and physical activity of the elderly;and the interaction of built environment and mental health factors on the physical activity of the elderly.Results:1.Among the surveyed subjects,22.14%of the elderly had insufficient physical activity;77.86%of the elderly had a level of physical activity above moderate activity.2.The satisfaction of the elderly in Nanjing on the perception of the built environment of the residential area was more than moderate(2.85 ± 0.23).Living density(P=0<0.01),land mixed use(P=0.036<0.05),sidewalk infrastructure(P=0.022<0.05),social suggestion(P=0<0.01),beautification environment(P=0.04<0.05)There was a significant correlation between the five built environment indicators and total metabolic equivalents of physical activity.The total score of built environment was not significantly related to the physical activity of the elderly.The Pearson coefficient of the two was 0.072(P=0.240>0.05).3.The average score of mental health of the elderly is 29.73 ± 6.04,and the average score is above 25 points.Mental health factors are significantly related to physical activity of the elderly.The Pearson correlation coefficient of the two is 0.262(P=0.000<0.01).Health factors are related to physical activity in the elderly.4.The interactive effects of built environment and mental health factors on the physical activity of the elderly had F values and P values of 0.649 and 0.421,respectively,which were not statistically significant.Comprehensive analysis of the interactions between various indicators of built environment and mental health resulted in a total of eight significant interactions:convenience of public transport*emotions(P=0.034<0.05),convenience of public transport*personality(P=0.013<0.05),Convenience of public transport*Cognition(P=0.020<0.05),Convenience of public transport*Adaptation(P=0.034<0.05),Convenience of public transportation*Interpersonal(P=0.018<0.05),Landscaping*Cognitive(P=0.037<0.05),sidewalk infrastructure*interpersonal(P=0.009<0.01),recreation and leisure facilities*personality(P=0.020<0.05).A simple effect analysis was performed on the 8 results with significant interactions.The results were as follows:There was a significant difference in the convenience factor of public transport in the low-character dimension(P=0.017<0.05);the convenience factor of public transport was in the high cognitive level.The results were significant(P=0.008<0.01);the convenience factor of public transportation had a significant effect on physical activity at low adaptation level(P=0.025<0.05);the convenience factor of public transportation had its physical activity at low interpersonal level.There was a significant effect(P=0.047<0.05);there was a significant difference in the high cognitive level of beautification environmental factors(P=0.003<0.01);the sidewalk infrastructure factors had a significant influence on the low interpersonal level(P=0.000<0.01)There was a significant difference in high-personality levels between recreation and leisure facilities(P=0.023<0.05);Emotional factors had significant effects on the convenience of low and high public transport(P=.038<0.05,P=0.000<0.01).There was a significant difference in personality factors in the convenience of high public transport(P=0.000<0.01);Cognitive factors were significant in the convenience of high public transport(P=0.001<0.01);Adaptation factors were high in public transport In terms of convenience,the impact was significant(P=0.000<0.01);interpersonal factors had a significant effect on both low and high public transport convenience(P=0.033<0.05.P=0.000<0.01);cognitive factors were in a highly beautifying environment.The results were significant(P =0.003<0.01);interpersonal factors were significantly lower on the sidewalk infrastructure(P = 0.000<0.01);personality factors were significantly different in high entertainment facilities(P = 0.000<0.01).Conclusions:1.The total metabolic equivalent of physical activity in the elderly for one week varies in gender,age,residential area,pre-retirement occupation,and family monthly income.2.Some indicators of the built environment(living density,mixed use of land,sidewalk infrastructure,social hints,beautification of the environment)have significant correlations with physical activity of the elderly.Among them,the density of living,mixed use of land,beautifying environment and the total metabolic equivalent of physical activity were negatively correlated;the sidewalk infrastructure,social cues and the total metabolic equivalent of physical activity were positively correlated.3.Mental health factors are significantly associated with physical activity in the elderly.The higher the level of mental health,the higher the level of physical activity in the elderly.4.Convenience of public transportation*Emotions,convenience of public transportation*Personality,ease of public transportation*Cognition,convenience of public transportation*Adaptability,convenience of public transportation*Interpersonal,landscaping*Cognition,sidewalk infrastructure*Interpersonal,recreational facilities*personality interactions have a significant effect on physical activity in the elderly.The convenience of public transport has significant effects on physical activity in terms of low personality,high cognition,low adaptation,and low interpersonal level;the influence of sidewalk infrastructure on physical activity is significant at low interpersonal levels;the effect of landscaping on physical activity is Significantly higher levels of cognition;Recreation and leisure facilities have a significant impact on physical activity at high levels of personality;Emotions have a significant impact on physical activity in terms of low public transport convenience,high public transport convenience,and personality impact on physical activity.High public transportation convenience,high entertainment and leisure facilities are significant;cognitive impact on physical activity is significant in high public transport convenience,high landscaping environment;interpersonal impact on physical activity in low public transport convenience,high public transport and convenient Sexuality and low sidewalk infrastructure are significant;the impact of adaptation on physical activity is significant in high public transport convenience.