Research On The Public Nursery Service Supply System For Children Aged 0-3 Under The "two-child Policy" In My Country

Though the universal two-child policy was implemented in 2016,the fertility rate is not satisfactory.Except lacking of welfare packages,the increase rate of female employment,small family size,the child-rearing pressure and costs,the low desire of grandparents to bring up the children,the incomplete childcare services,all restricts the willingness to have two children.In all these constraints,the childcare services under 3 attracts the most social concerns,but the government is unaware that the inadequate supply of public childcare services is a constraint to the smooth promotion of the "two-child policy",especially to the first-tier cities.In this paper,public childcare services were found effective through messy and fragmented literature.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the state intervened the childcare services through the units system,which help to achieve a higher coverage rate.However,after the economic reform,and the disintegration of the units system,the country’s responsibility in this field of has weakened.Markets and other subjects entered the public services when public childcare services collapsed,and the public childcare institutions continued to shrink.With the implementation of universal two-child policy,the issue of public childcare services for children under 3 has once again entered public views,and the government-led multi-sector participation in public childcare services for children under 3 has gradually gained social consensus.In this paper,the policies and services of children under 3 in China are combed through the timeline in the longitudinal direction to provide historical experience for the development of public childcare services,and to analyze the supply patterns of various time periods from the perspective of welfare pluralism,to explore the respective responsibilities and reforms of the government,the market,and the third sector in the provision of public childcare services for children under 3.Furthermore,by comparing the experiences of different countries,we are able to summarize the experience that can be used for the development of public childcare services,providing reference for all departments to jointly promote the development of public childcare services,and to provide relevant ideas for the further implementation of the two-child policy.