A Study On The Change Of Government Responsibility In Childcare Services For Children Aged 0 To 3 In China

Since the implementation of the universal two-child policy,families’ desire to have children has been continuously low,among which "no childcare" has become the primary constraint factor.In order to solve the problem of childcare for young children,the state has put forward the guideline of "childcare for young children" and accelerated the construction of a childcare service system for young children.At present,the demand of families for childcare services has become a rigid demand for people’s livelihood.The construction of childcare services has become a key development object in the field of people’s livelihood in China,and the development of childcare services has become a social public problem.The public product attribute of childcare service has gradually obtained the social consensus,and it has gradually shifted from the former family "private domain" to the social "public domain".However,in this process of transformation,the development of childcare services is faced with many basic problems that need to be solved due to the "market failure",such as the contradiction between supply and demand,structural imbalance,uneven working force,etc.As one of the responsibility subjects of providing public services and public products,the government should undertake various responsibilities in the development of childcare services,adjust the state of "market failure" in childcare services,and effectively maintain and improve the publicity and fairness of childcare services.First of all,based on the analysis of the attributes of childcare services and the elements of government responsibility,the structural elements of government responsibility in the development of childcare services are theoretically discussed,and it is found that the government generally needs to undertake the overall responsibility and specific responsibility in the development of childcare services.The overall responsibility emphasizes that the government should play a leading role,coordinate the relationship among the subjects in the multi-service system,clarify the responsibility boundary between the subjects,and strengthen coordination and communication,so as to achieve the sustainable development of childcare services.The specific responsibility mainly includes the government’s system design responsibility,fiscal responsibility,regulatory responsibility and ethical responsibility.Secondly,the text analysis method is adopted to sort out and analyze the relevant policies of childcare after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in a vertical way,so as to discuss the change of government responsibility in the development of childcare service and the reality of the government’s responsibility.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the responsibility role of the government in childcare service has changed from the government to the responsibility weakening and then to multiple cooperative governance.At the present stage,the government adheres to the "people-centered" value rationality,adheres to the universal benefit orientation,and actively responds to social needs.At the same time,with the principle of children first,we always pay attention to the development of children,emphasize the maximum protection of children,and pay attention to the safety and health of infants.However,in the process of the development of childcare service,the government responsibility still needs to be improved.At the institutional level,a complete system of childcare service has not been established,and there is a lack of superior laws and specific guidelines.On the fiscal level,the total amount of fiscal investment is still insufficient,and the investment structure is unbalanced.At the level of supervision and management,there are still problems of result-oriented,ignoring the process supervision,paying more attention to screening than operation,paying more attention to hardware than software;At the ethical level,there is still the idea that economic benefits are more important than social benefits,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of childcare services.Finally,the paper discusses the causes of the problems in the care responsibility of the central government in China,and puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of government value guidance,role transformation,policy positioning,resource integration and so on.