Research On The Influence Of Floating Population On The Entrepreneurial Choices Of Residents In Immigrant Areas

With the continuous progress of reform and opening up and the sustained development of China's economy,the floating population has attracted more and more attention.Since the first "tide of migrant workers" appeared during the Spring Festival in 1989,the scale of the floating population in China has been rising steadily,which has steadily occupied more than 200 million in recent years.Obviously,the floating population is an indispensable force in the labor force and plays an important role in the national economic construction.Documents and studies at home and abroad show that the floating population is full of entrepreneurship,the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship is lower than that of the residents in the immigration area,and the success rate of entrepreneurship of the floating population is higher than that of the residents in the immigration area.Will the entrepreneurship of the floating population have a competitive effect on the entrepreneurship choices of the residents in the immigrant areas,and will it squeeze the entrepreneurship opportunities of the residents in the immigrant areas?Documents at home and abroad point out that the floating population will not only not impact the labor market in the place of immigration,but also increase the annual income of the residents in the place of immigration.However,few literatures have studied the impact of floating population on entrepreneurial choice.For this reason,this paper will use the micro-survey data of CHIP2002 and CHIP2013 to measure the entrepreneurship probability of the floating population and the population survey data of 2000 and 2010 to calculate the proportion of the floating population in each prefecture-level city from the perspective of the entrepreneurship choice of the floating population and the migrant residents.After controlling the characteristic vectors of the respondents and the urban level,this paper studies the influence of the floating population on the entrepreneurship choices of the residents in the immigrant areas.We draw the following conclusions:Firstly,the floating population has a significant competitive effect on the entrepreneurship choices of the residents in the immigrant areas.Compared with the residents in the immigration area,the floating population has more flexible action,lower opportunity cost of starting a business and stronger motivation to pursue high returns.This will obviously occupy the entrepreneurship space of the residents in the immigration area,and have a competitive effect on the entrepreneurship choice of the residents in the immigration area,that is,the floating population will significantly reduce the entrepreneurship probability of the residents in the immigration area.After the floating population enters the immigration area,although it has little effect on the annual income of the residents,it will significantly increase the annual income of local entrepreneurs.Perhaps it is because the floating population meets the labor needs of local entrepreneurs and creates greater corporate value for them.Secondly,the influence of floating population on entrepreneurship choice of the high,middle and low-skilled residents in the immigrant areas is heterogeneous.Floating population significantly inhibits the entrepreneurial probability of the low-skilled residents in the immigrant areas,but has no effect on the entrepreneurial probability of the high-skilled and middle-skilled residents in the immigrant areas.Perhaps because the floating population is originally a low-skilled group,and the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship of the floating population is lower than that of the residents in the immigrant areas,there is a competitive effect on the entrepreneurship choice of the low-skilled residents in the immigrant areas,but there is no effect on the entrepreneurship choice of the middle-skilled and high-skilled residents in the immigrant areas.After the floating population enter the immigration area,although the annual income of the residents with high,middle and low skills in the immigration area has little impact on the whole,it will significantly improve the annual income of the local entrepreneurs with low skills and high skills.Thirdly,there is heterogeneity in the impact of floating population on the entrepreneurial choices of the residents in the immigrant areas of the upper,middle and lower reaches of provinces and cities.Floating population significantly reduces the entrepreneurial probability of the residents in the immigration areas of the middle-stream provinces,but has little effect on the entrepreneurial probability of the residents in the immigration areas of the upstream and downstream provinces.Perhaps it is because,on the one hand,the annual income of the residents in the cities of the middle reaches provinces is relatively stable,and the unemployment rate is not high,which will obviously frustrate the enthusiasm of the residents in the immigration areas to start their own businesses.On the other hand,the floating population faces higher barriers to employment and higher unemployment rate in the middle provinces,which will obviously enhance the motivation of entrepreneurship of the floating population,and thus have a competitive effect on the entrepreneurship choice of the residents in the immigrant areas.The annual income of residents in the cities of upstream and downstream provinces will be significantly increased after the migrants enter the immigration areas,but it has no effect on the annual income of residents in the cities of upstream and downstream provinces.Fourthly,the influence of floating population on entrepreneurship choice of residents in different income industries is also heterogeneous.Floating population significantly reduces the probability of entrepreneurship of the residents in high-income industries,but have little effect on the probability of entrepreneurship of the residents in the middle-income and low-income industries.Perhaps it is because the floating population is running for the purpose of high income,so the higher the income level,the more vulnerable to the impact of the floating population on the choice of entrepreneurship.After the floating population enters the immigration area,although it has little effect on the annual income of the residents in the immigration area who are engaged in different income industries,it will significantly increase the annual income of local entrepreneurs who are engaged in different income industries.Fifthly,the influence of floating population on different types of entrepreneurship is heterogeneous.Floating population will significantly reduce the probability of individual household entrepreneurship,but it has no effect on the entrepreneurship choice of private entrepreneurs.Although the floating population has no effect on the annual income of the residents in the immigration area as a whole,it will significantly increase the annual income of local private entrepreneurs and individual households,that is,the floating population has a promoting effect on the annual income of local private entrepreneurs and individual households.