| Children's high level of physical health has a positive impact on their physical fitness.However,physical problems have plagued the progress and development of education for recent years.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the physical fitness of young children.The purpose of this paper is to explore the constitutional differences among children aged 3 to 6 years old in Nanjing and the development of various physical indicators.It is also aimed at providing an important reference for the better and more targeted promotion of the overall development of children's physique.The test samples are from 4 kindergartens in Nanjing city,with a total of 630 infants,including 323 male children and 307 female children.The test content includes physical shape and physical fitness.To understand the current physical differences of children aged 3 to 6 in the urban area of Nanjing,and to make a comparative analysis,this research mainly applies the method of test,literature study,and mathematical statistics.The results show that:(1)The height and weight indicators of children aged 3 to 6 in Nanjing urban area are increasing with age.The height and weight of male children are greater than those of females of the same age.The height and weight indicators of 3 year old children have significant gender differences(p<0.05);In terms of body shape development and growth rate,the growth rate of body shape of female children is faster than that of male children.The height of male and female children grows fastest at the age of 5.5 to 6,and the fastest growth of female children's weight indicators appears at the age of 3 to 3.5.At this stage,boys and girls are 5 to 5.5 years old.From the results of the scoring,the height score of girls is slightly higher than that of boys.The proportion of abnormal weight scores increases with age.The proportion of boys with abnormal weight is greater than that of girls and the proportion the overweight is larger than that of underweight.(2)Among the quality indicators of young children,except for seat-and-reach,the other quality indicators showed an aging growth trend.The indicators of male children's performance higher than that of female children's performance including standing long jumps,return runs and tennis long throws.Female children's performance was better than that of men.Indicators of infant height include forward bending and balance beams,and cross-legged jumping results show a crossoverphenomenon: boys are better than girls in the 3 to 4 year old group,girls are better than boys in the 4.5 to 6 year old group;it could be judged from the difference that there is a significant gender difference in the return run scores between the 3 and 5years old groups(p<0.05),but there is no significant gender difference in the balance beam results(p>0.05),and the two-leg continuous jump performance has a significant gender difference in the 4-year-old group(p<0.05),standing long jump scores have significant gender differences between the 5 and 6-year-old groups(p<0.05),tennis throw for distance results that there are significant gender differences in each group(p<0.05),and seat-and-reach is between 4 and 6 years old.There is a significant gender difference in each group(p<0.05)from the development speed and growth rate of the indicators: except for standing long jump indicators,the development of other physical fitness indicators is faster for female children than for male children,return running,standing long jump and tennis throw.The long-distance scores grew fastest at the age of 3 to 3.5 years old,the balance beam scores shows a fastest grow at the age of 5.5 to 6 years old,the two-legged continuous jump scores of female children grew fastest at the age of 3 to 3.5 years,and male children at the age of 3.5 to 4 years;From the results of scoring of various qualities,only the scores of male children are higher than those of female children,and the scores of other female children are better.(3)The degree of individual differences in the physical fitness indicators of children in different groups shows that the individual physical fitness indicators of children in different age groups show different degrees of variation,and the coefficients of variation of the 10-meter return run,standing long jump,and two-foot continuous jump index for male and female infants Decreased with age,the coefficients of variation of the tennis long throw and seated forward flexion indexes of male children increase with age,and the remaining indicators of female children and their boyfriends 'height,weight,and seated forward flexion coefficients do not change.Shows the age regularity,the overall coefficient of variation of the physical fitness of female children in each age group is smaller than that of male children of the same age group;from the gender comparison of the individual differences in the indicators of young children,the coefficients of variation of other indicators for female children except for tennis;From the perspective of the individual differences in the development of children's indicators,the coefficient of variation of children's walking balance beam project is the largest,and the coefficient of variation of theheight index is the smallest.(4)Judging from the comprehensive scoring results of physical fitness,the compliance rate and excellent rate of physical fitness of male children at the age of 3to 4 years are higher than that of female children,and the physical fitness rate and excellent quality of female children at the age of 4.5 to 6 years are higher than that of male children;The compliance rate was highest at the age of 3,lowest at the age of 5,and the excellent rate of children's physique was highest in the 3.5-year-old group,and lowest in the 5.5-year-old group;overall,the level of physical fitness of female children was higher than Baby boy.The conclusions of this research are as follows:(1)The body shape and physical fitness(except for flexibility)indicators of children aged 3 to 6 in the urban area of Nanjing show an increasing trend with age,and each indicator grows faster at the age of 3 to 3.5 than that of other age stage;male children's upper and lower limb strength and sensitivity speed is better than girls while girls have better balance and flexibility than boys.Also,there is a gender difference in the performance of children of the same age.The overall development rate of girls is faster than boys,and individual scores are also better for girls.(2)The individual differences of various physical indicators of children in different groups are not totally same.As the age increases,the individual differences of children's sensitivity speed,lower limb strength and coordination quality decrease.The individual differences of physical fitness among male children are greater than that of the female children.The individual difference of children's balance ability is the largest while the individual difference of height is the smallest.(3)Comprehensive assessment of the physical fitness of children aged 3 to 6years old in Nanjing urban area results a good condition of children in this area.It is shows that female children is stronger the male children. |
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