From The Dispute Of Geneticallv Modified Agricultural Products To Explore The Nature Of Neoliberal Trade Orders

Since 1994,when the first genetically modified(GM)crops were commercialized in the United States,GM agricultural products developed rapidly in international trade and,in just three decades,a number of bilateral and multilateral national and regional trade rules systems were instituted and gradually formed Open trade trends.However,this trend of free trade is extremely uneven,and some people doubt that GM agricultural products may cause potential risk on human health,natural resources and environment.So when the GM agricultural products are promoted in the market by the liberalization power to,they also suffered strong restraint by social regulatory countermeasures.The author focuses on the support and opposition of the open trade of GM agricultural products through specific empirical investigation,and explores the internal logic of these pro and con dynamics and the political and economic laws which hidden behind them.First of all,the author summarizes the development trend of the free and open trade system of GM agricultural products under the "neo-liberal" international economic orders through the analysis of empirical data.Under the open trade development trend,the development of GM agricultural products is not balanced.The author once again through empirical research on the production of GM agricultural products and the corresponding material strength as well as the economic and social impact of trade to analyze the reasons why the relevant trade participants to support or oppose the open trade system.Secondly,the author summarizes the concrete manifestations of these support and opposing forces through empirical research on all kinds of international and domestic trade legal norms system which support or oppose the open trade systems of GM agricultural products.Some trade participant countries and legal system norms have a"Ideal Types" case feature because they have universal influence and outstanding representativeness at the practical level.The author tries to determine the ideal types of cases that favor and oppose the open trade of GM agricultural products,and insist on the macro and micro perspective to analyze the present situation of the two forces in the global,national and regional and national levels.Finally,the author uses the theoretical framework of political economy to analyze the contradiction between the market expansion trend of GM agricultural products and the countermeasure of boycotting liberalization,thus exploring the nature of the neoliberal trade orders.The GM angricultural technology is a breakthrough of traditional angricultural technology,but it is controversial too,which reflecting in the real life are the pros and cons of open international trade of GM agricultural products.In the neoliberal economic order,though GM agricultural technology breakthrough brings higher production efficiency,the benefits of the production technology breakthrough is not dispersed uniformly,even sometimes they are going to polarization,neglecting many social values including equity and justice.The liberal liberal trade order,represented by the open trade of GM agricultural products,has obvious limitations of the times.Therefore,the orders of today's neo-liberal trade should be treated in a rational manner and carefully modified and adjusted.This conclusion also provides some revelations and guidance to the countries(e.g.China)who hold an eclectic altitude towards GM agriculture.