Analysis On The Willingness Of Supplier And Demander Toward Commercialization Of Genetically Modified Crops In China

The global area planted to commercial genetically modified(GM)crops has a very rapid increase since GM crops were commercialized massively in 1996.The accumulated area surged to a record 2.1 billion hectares in 2016,which made GM technology be the most applicable extersively.China is one of the earliest countries to research&develop and commercialize GM crops.However,the area planted to commercial GM crops is growing slowly,and the global rank of area has dropped to NO.8 in 2016 from the NO.4 at the beginning.The year of 2016 is the third decade of commercialization of GM crops,since then,the development of GM crops will enter a new stage.Under the new circumstances,what kind of policy orientation should be adopted for the commercialization of GM crops?What are the determinants of GM crops?What is the priority of commercialization of GM crops?Whether does need to commercialize the staple food crops in China?The study of these issues is of great significance to ensure food security,the effective supply of important agricultural products and to occupy the summit of transgenic technology.This paper mainly applies empirical analysis method combining with normative analysis method.Based on the global status of commercialization of GM crops in 1996-2016,this paper identifies the global development trend of the commercialization of GM crops and the characteristics of the commercialization of GM crops in China.Based on the data of 723 questionnares about rural households,this paper analyzes the farmers' awareness of and willingness to adopt GM crops.Thus,the influence factors of commercialization of GM crops are discovered from the perspective of farmers.Based on the data of 504 questionnares about urban consumers,this paper analyzes the risk perception of consumers toward GM food and the underlying factors in determining consumers' risk perception,and the impact of risk perception of consumers on acceptance intention toward genetically modified food.Thus the influence factors of the commercialization of GM crops are discovered from the perspective of consumers.Based on a variety of factors,this paper analyzes the development strategy of commercialization of GM crops in China.The main conclusions are following from the perspective of stakeholders.1.Most farmers have little knowledge of GM crops,about 83.3%of the farmers don't have any understanding about GM crops.About 54.8%of farmers hold uncertain attitude toward planting transgenic insect-resistant rice.This paper discovers increasing yield and income,and simplicity in crop management have positive effects on prospective adoption,whereas the high-seed price of GM rice has a significantly negative effect.Health implications also have a significantly positive effect on the farmers'decision to adopt GM grain crops.Aside from the above-mentioned variables,the farmers' age,government technicians' recommendations,neighbors' attitudes and level of environmental risks are also statistically significant in model when the farmers only have two choices in the decision of adopting GM rice.This demonstrates that farmers are more deliberate in their decisions when they have fewer choices.2.Consumers' awareness toward GM food varies according to the type of GM food.Consumers have the highest awareness toward genetically modified soybean oil accounting for about 90%of edible oil market share,only about 3.6%of consumers have never heard of genetically modified soybean oil.Whereas consumers have the lowest awareness toward GM papaya although the adoption rate of GM papaya is about 90%in China,and more than 60%of consumers have never heard of or little understanding of GM papaya.Most of consumers have very limited transgenic knowledge,70 percent of consumers mistake the large color peppers and small pumpkins and small cucumbers and cherry tomatoes for GM foods.Most of consumers only obtain less information on GM food Food and the majority of information is negative.Most of Consumers hold less trustful attitude toward government,biotechnic experts,biotechnic industries and media.Most of consumers hold negative attitude toward GM technology,Consumers relatively more agree that the transgenic technology helps to reduce poverty and is much beneficial to the poor than that the transgenic technology can reduce pesticide residues and promote social development point.The level of consumers-perceived risk varies according to the type of risk,the level of consumers-perceived healthy risk is the highest while the ethical risk is the lowest.3.The samples are divided into familiar group and un-familiar group consumers according to consumers' GM food knowledge.This paper identifies that consumers'attitude toward GM technology has impact on perception risks of both groups.Whereas the consumers' trust to government and biotechnologists has no significant effect on the risk perception of both groups.In the model of un-familiar group,besides consumers'attitude towards GM technology,the information of genetically modified food getten by the consumers also has significantly impact on consumers'perception risk,and particularly GM food information has negative effects on perception risk.4.The consumers are less willing to accept GM soybean oil,GM papaya,GM insect-resistant rice,GM nutritional rice and GM animal products,the average acceptable rate of these food is below 30%.Consumers'willingness to accept GM nutritional rice is relatively higher than other food,which suggest that consumers have stronger willingness to accept the third generation GM food directly benefiting consumers by the improvement of the quality and nutrition than the first generation and second generation GM food directly benefiting farmers.Consumers' healthy risk and ethical risk perception of GM food,consumers' education and age have a significantly negative effect on the consumers' willingness to accept GM food.Consumers' knowledge and awareness of GM food have a significantly positive effect on consumers' acceptance.5.The strategic framework for the development of GM crops is to actively research&develop transgenic technology and reduce the gap between China with developed countries.The other strategic framework is to accelerate commercialization of GM crops having reached condition in order to keep up with the major countries.Policy suggestions include:a more balanced precautionary principle on GM crops regulation,increasing transmission and communication of clear and easily understood information,making information content match with consumers' education level,strengthening the supervision of media and network to prevent the spread of unscientific information of GM food risk,speeding up development of agricultural biotechnology industry with internationally competitiveness,cultivating seeds enterprises into the leading body of the excellent varieties' research and development and extension application with independent innovation capability.Intensifying the protection of intellectual property rights,strengthening Cross-disciplinary research and the supervision of GM crops and food.