Equalization Of Public Services And Urban-Rural Income Gap From The Perspective Of New-Pattern Urbanization

After nearly 40 years of vigorous urbanization,China has experienced a series of stages such as the dual urban-rural structure,the scale of urban administrative areas,and the overall advancement of urbanization.The development process has gradually shifted from "quantity"to "quality".In March 2014,the country's new-pattern urbanization policy was promulgated.It changed the single evaluation index for urbanization over the years and instead adopted a more comprehensive evaluation index system to measure the level of urbanization.In the policy,the core of the first implementation is "urbanization of people" rather than the"urbanization of the land".Policy-oriented changes will affect the existing supply of urban and rural public services,population structure and overall economic development.Under different modes of urbanization,the benefits of urban and rural public services are very different.In the path of traditional urbanization development,local governments are affected by promotion incentives and economic pressure to favor economic investment construction.On the other hand,they lack the constraints of standardized regulation and evaluation and thus provide standard public services.The level of public service provision in the region lags behind the level of economic development.In addition,a strict household registration system limits the level of equalization of public services.A large number of migrant workers are the main force driving rural income growth.However,they cannot enjoy equal public service beneficiary rights with the urban population.Instead,they need to pay extra costs.Therefore,scholars have always had different research results on the effects of urbanization and equalization of public services on the income gap.This article intends to study the different effects of new-pattern urbanization policies and traditional urbanization policies on the urban-rural income gap.Firstly,this paper introduces and sorts out the status quo of public services in urban and rural areas and introduces a series of policies.Then it uses theoretical analysis and theoretical models to analyze the mechanism of the new urbanization policy,equalization of public services and income gap between urban and rural areas.Then,based on the new comprehensive index system for urbanization,this paper uses the TOPSIS approach to estimate the level of new urbanization across the country from 2007 to 2014 according to the data availability.Finally,the paper empirically analyzes the effects of new urbanization and traditional urbanization on the urban-rural income gap by changing the level of equalization of public services through panel data.The conclusion of this paper is that the new urbanization policy is a healthier mode of urbanization than the traditional policy.Previous studies have overestimated the level of urbanization and neglected its level of inner health.When the new urbanization level does not reach the critical value,the strictness of the indicators will cause the Matthew effect of public services on the income gap.When the critical value is exceeded,the new urbanization policy will help reduce the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,we should continue to vigorously promote a new type of urbanization policy and implement the public service beneficiary right of urban migrant workers,so as to strive to narrow the urban-rural income gap in the long run.