| Huidong county has a long history of planting potatoes.The planting area of potato in winter has developed from 2530 hm2 in 1996 to the peak of8400 hm2 in 2012.It has the characteristics of advanced cultivation technology,high single production level and good market benefit.It is one of the most representative producing areas of winter potato planting in the southern winter region.Under the historical opportunity of developing the potato industry,the problems and challenges in the development of the potato industry in Huidong are carefully studied.The practical and feasible development proposals are of great significance to the promotion of the development quality of the potato industry in Huidong.In this paper,the current situation and trend of potato industry development in winter in Huidong and foreign countries are compared,and the development status and trend of winter potato planting in Huidong are analyzed.The main results are as follows:(1)In recent years,the planting area of potato in Huidong showed a slight decreasing trend,and the yield was kept at the level of 300000 tons.In the last five years,the average yield of winter potato grown in Huidong in 35947.1kg/hm2.2016 year was 31762.5kg/hm2 under extreme cold weather,which was compared with that in all provinces of China.It is only 2084.6kg/hm2 less than Jilin Province,which ranks first,and the yield level of winter potato planted in Huidong belongs to the high yield level in the whole country,but there is still a big gap compared with the developed area of potato in the world,which is only 64.8% of the highest yield level in the United States in the world.(2)The varieties of winter potato planted in Huidong changed quickly,and the varieties of virus-free potato were improved.The fresh potato edible Feiwuita series and Longshu 7 accounted for over 98% of the planting area of winter potato planted in the east of Huidong.(3)The cultivation technique of winter potato in Huidong mainly adopts "rice-rice-tuber" rotation,and the tillage pattern is changed from "rice-rice-tuber" straw mulching to "rice-rice-tuber" mulching.(4)The main production costs of winter potato planting in Huidong are seed potato,agricultural material and labor,all of which have increased to varying degrees in recent years.At present,the cost of planting potato in Huidong is as high as 52500 yuan/hm2.At the same time,due to the off-season market time of the potato in Huidong,it has a good market environment,and the market sales price is relatively high.The average purchase price is 1.6 yuan per kilogram,which is 4-5 times that of the main producing areas in the north,and has good benefits.By comparing the benefits of planting rice,sweet potato and sweet corn in Huidong at present,the benefits of potato are obviously higher than that of the three crops.Potato cultivation in Huidong is profitable and can increase farmers income effectively.(5)In Huidong,the potato is mainly sold in fresh potato,and the further development of the product is rare.There are no further processing enterprises in the county area,so it is in the low value area of potato industry chain.The present situation and trend of potato industry development in Huidong were analyzed,and the comparative advantages of winter potato planting in Huidong were expounded from four aspects: natural condition,industrial foundation,market advantage and technical support.The problems in the development of Huidong potato industry were pointed out.The main results are as follows: first,the native tubers of Huidong virus-free seed can not be bred and mainly supplied by long-distance transportation in the north;at the same time,the cultivated varieties are single,the fresh potato edible Feiwuitta series varieties account for 98%,and the other special potato varieties are lack;On the other hand,the soil-borne diseases of potato,such as nevus and scab,were more serious than that of straw mulching.The application of organic fertilizer is relatively single,and there is a phenomenon that phosphorus fertilizer is too high,potassium fertilizer is insufficient,the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is unreasonable.Third,the potato industry in Huidong is at the low end of the industrial chain,and it is basically blank in potato breeding and deep processing.The storage equipment is simple;fourth,the market fluctuates greatly,is easy to be affected by the northern potato stock,the market brand is not prominent enough,lacks the specialized wholesale market.According to the above analysis and discussion,combined with the strategy of rural revitalization proposed by the Party Central Committee and the State Council and the preferential policies for supporting agriculture,we should base ourselves on the regional and resource advantages of Huidong County,guide by the market,profit as the center and rely on the progress of science and technology.In this paper,the countermeasures and advices to push forward the development of winter potato industry in Huidong were put forward from the macro and micro aspects.Macroscopical respect: firstly,innovation system mechanism;Secondly,makeing industryplans,increasing industryinputdynamics.Microcosmic aspects:first,with integrated technology as the core,comprehensively promote the potato industry science and technology progress;secondly,strengthening supervision and management,paying more attention to the quality of seed potato;thirdly,strengthen product quality quantity supervision and inspection,building up a good reputation for Huidong;fourthly,vigorously implementing the famous brand strategy to promote the development of potato industry;fifthly,establishing and perfecting agricultural risk aversion mechanism;sixthly,speeding up the construction of potato market system,improving the marketing influence of Huidong potato;seventhly,strengthening the scientific quality of farmers and their training. |
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