The Impact Of Rural Transition On Farmers' Land Use Behavior And Efficiency In Wuling Mountainous Area

Since twenty-first Century,China's rural area has entered a new period of rapid development and transition.It faces a new situation of rapid urbanization,employment structure and the speed of industrial structure transition.Rural land use also presents a dramatic transition in depth and breadth.In order to further reveal the impact of rural development transformation on land use,this paper takes 1008 households of 10 typical villages in 5 counties of Wuling mountain area as an example to find out the data of farmers and villages in the field.Then,based on the oral history and data of village development,and the classification method of village types by Longhua Lou,10 villages are divided scientifically and reasonably.On this basis,we use descriptive analysis to study the difference of land use behavior of different types of villages,and then use the econometric model to analyze the land use efficiency and its influencing factors of different types of villages,and deeply study the influence of rural development transition on the change of land use in villages.The main research results are as follows:First,based on the oral history of 10 villages in the mountain area of Wuling,the development and changes of the village's social and economic owners,infrastructure,industry,the main body of the village economy,the income structure and the labor force are combed,and the track of the development of the villages in the mountain areas is clarifies,which is divided into 4 stages,namely,the "traditional agriculture" stage,the "work Village" stage,the "modern agriculture" stage and the "multi-functional development" stage.Then the 10 villages are divided into three types,namely,"industrial development village","tourism development village" and "work type hollow village".Second,the change of farmers' land use in different villages in the process of rural development transition is analyzed from several aspects,such as labor allocation behavior of agricultural development,allocation behavior of land resources,farming land farming behavior,material input and land use intensivism.The agriculture of the industrial development village has obvious characteristics of industrialization and specialization,the amount of agricultural labor input is more,and the quality of the agricultural crops is high,the planting scale of the economic crops is the largest,while the grain crops such as corn and rice are the smallest,and more specialized production is adopted,the planting crops are relatively single and the land use intensification process is the most important.The agricultural production has strong economic production function,and develops green and ecological agriculture.It belongs to the "production and ecological" village.Agriculture in the tourism development village serves the development of the tourism industry.Some of the farmers' operation mode is modernized and professionally developed,and the number of people engaged in agriculture is relatively large.However,the aging phenomenon of the farmers is weakened,and the level of education and health is obviously higher than that of the working hollow village.The planting crops are more diversified,the development of agriculture is to serve the tourism industry,and the village "elite" from the development of agricultural production to the related business and development of the tourism industry.In addition to basically satisfying the food and clothing and economic production function,the agricultural production also has the function of leisure and ornamental,which belongs to the "ecological,beautiful and harmonious" type of village.The management mode of the work type hollow village is the most backward,and it is still the low investment in the extensive operation of agricultural labor,but the old age is serious and the quality is low,the waste of the land is serious,the proportion of the crops planted is the largest,and the main crops are corn,potato,sweet potato and so on.As the main crop,the intensive degree of land use is relatively low,and it is gradually changing from traditional,scattered,satisfied and satisfied management to industrialization,specialization and economic management,which belongs to the "low efficiency and low yield" type of village.Third,using the random frontier production function beyond the logarithmic function and the Tobit regression model to analyze the land use efficiency and its influencing factors of farmers in different types of villages,it is found that the overall land use efficiency of the rural households in Wuling mountain area is not high,and the land use efficiency of the tourism development village is the lowest,followed by the work type hollow village.Industrial development villages have the largest land use efficiency,and the efficiency of rural households in industrial development is generally higher than that of tourism development villages.The influencing factors of land use efficiency of different types of villages are different.As a whole,the factors that affect the efficiency of rural household utilization in Wuling mountain areas mainly include the per capita income of the family,the agricultural income,the average years of the education of the agricultural labor,the ratio of the sown area to the total sown area,and the input of the per mu film.The main factors that affect the development of tourism villages are household income per capita,agricultural income and seed input per mu.The factors that affect the industrial development village mainly include the per capita income of the family,the proportion of agricultural income,the average years of education for the rural labor force,the per mu seed investment and the area of the land.The main factors affecting the work type hollow village include the proportion of agricultural income,the average education years of the farmers,the per mu seed investment,the per mu fertilizer input and the per mu pesticide input.