Study On The Fertilizer Reduction In Planting

China is a great power with a large scale of agricultural production and fertilizer consumption.With the increasing fertilizer input,China consumes the largest amount of fertilizer in the world,which far exceeds the safe threshold of fertilizer intensity of some developed countries and the world average level.Fertilizer input in China outweighs the maximum environmental carrying capacity,causing the exacerbation of some ecological problems,such as water pollution,soil acidification and greenhouse effect.In some areas,it even exerted grave impacts on the quality and the safety of agro-products.Currently,the Chinese government has placed Fertilizer Reduction on the top of its agenda and published a series of policies aiming to reduce fertilizer input.However,these political measures have little effect since there remains an upward trend of continual and stable fertilizer utilization.A large number of existing literatures lays emphasis on farmer individual differences,economic development levels,planting structure adjustment,input price change and so forth,but rarely calculates the environment cost of fertilizer input,disassembles the driving factors of increasing fertilizer input and on the marginal theory to analyze the reasons for increasing fertilizer input.Therefore,this study aims to calculate the environment cost of fertilizer input,disassemble the driving factors of increasing fertilizer input by factor analysis and systematically explore the intrinsic motivation based on the marginal theory and empirically analyze the panel data for various farm crops,thus providing relevantly proposals for the government to help achieving its goal of Fertilizer Reduction.The thesis consists of the following five sections.The first section is the theoretical analysis.The marginal theory indicates that under the equilibrium of profit maximization,the marginal product of the factor equals to the ratio of the factor price and the product price.When the crop price rises faster than the fertilizer price,rational farmers,driven by profits,will increase the fertilizer input so as to gain more benefits.And on the other hand,the fertilizer input will decrease when the cost of fertilizer using increasing which caused by the environment cost of fertilizer input.The second section is the calculation of environment cost of fertilizer input.Firstly,this paper classifies the environment problem caused by increasing fertilizer input.Secondly,it sets up a framework to calculate the environment cost which caused by fertilizer input.Thirdly this paper calculates the environment cost with statistical data.At last,this paper calculates the cost of fertilizer input which including the environment cost on wheat.The third section is the dissolution of driving factors.Firstly,this paper disassembles the driving factors of increasing fertilizer input into the fertilizer amount in per unit of the area,plant structure and total agricultural crop sown area.Secondly,this paper calculates the contribution of different driving factors to fertilizer input using data of crops.The results show that the growth of fertilizer amount in per unit of the area is the main driving factor of increasing fertilizer input and the contribution of fertilizer amount in per unit of the area of economic crops is more than that of food crops.The forth section is the empirical analysis.In this section,the provincial panel data of crops have been utilized to conduct a field verification of the potential dynamic causes of increasing fertilizer input,which demonstrates that the price of the crop,and that of the labor have positive effects on the fertilizer input.However,the prices of chemical fertilizers,land rentals and machinery rentals have a negative effect on the fertilizer input.The positive effect of the labor price owes to that the growth in labor price increases the cost of the production of organic fertilizers,contributing to the replacement of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers.The fifth section is the conclusion and suggestions.The results from the theoretical and empirical studies show that the growth of fertilizer amount in per unit of the area is the main driving factor of increasing fertilizer input,and the undervalue of use cost of fertilizer(the environment cost isnt calculated in agricultural production),the increase of the crop price along with the substitution of fertilizer for organic fertilizers,which caused by the increase of the labor price,can be taken as the main causes of increasing fertilizer input per mu in crop farming.Therefore,measures such as improving accounting system of agriculture production,stabilizing crop prices,increasing subsidies for organic fertilizers and improving fertilizer qualities could be considered in order to raise productivity with less fertilizer,upgrade the agro-technical progress and finally achieve the political goal of Fertilizer Reduction as soon as possible.