| The state-owned economy is an important part of the national economy.It mainly distributes in the important industries and key fields which are related to the national security and the lifeline of the national economy.It has irreplaceable functions in developing the economy and stabilizing the society.Since the reform and opening up,the state has attached great importance to giving full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy in economic development and social stability and enhancing the driving capacity of state-owned enterprises in the development of national economy,and proposed to "speed up the optimization of the layout,structural adjustment and strategic reorganization of the state-owned economy".However,at present,some traditional state-owned industrial enterprises are facing problems such as declining profitability and overburdened debt,which obviously do not match their social responsibilities such as employment and tax burden.As a result,disputes have arisen in different degrees among all sectors of society on understanding the status and role of state-owned economy and state-owned enterprises in the development of national economy.Some scholars believe that state-owned economy can play a positive role in promoting regional economic growth,while some scholars believe that state-owned enterprises have a negative drag effect on regional economic growth.Based on this,this paper tries to clarify the quantity scale and capital proportion structure of state-owned economy,and analyze the economic connotation reflected by its present situation and evolution trend.It provides a scientific basis for rationally exploring the policies and measures of differentiated reform in state-owned industrial enterprises.On the whole,state-owned industries concentrate on large-scale enterprise groups,and show the remarkable characteristics of capital-intensive and technology-intensive,which still occupy an important position in the national economy.State-owned industries are characterized by extensive and relatively concentrated distribution.It is not only distributed in the monopoly industries of power grid and electricity,petrochemical industry,coal,telecommunication and so on,which are closely related to the lifeline of national economy,but also in the pillar industries of automobile,electrical machinery,non-ferrous metals and other capital-intensive industries.This not only reflects the state’s strategic requirements for strengthening the economic control of state-owned industries,but also an important manifestation of the promotion of the status of state-owned industries in the national economy.The adjustment of state-owned industry shows great differences in the development of 31 provinces(cities and districts)in China.The scale of assets and the number of employed workers are expanding in varying degrees,while the regional gap between the number of enterprises and their operating conditions is narrowing.The state capital mainly concentrates in some developed areas such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,Shandong,Jiangsu and Shaanxi,and most of these areas are relatively well-run provinces(cities and districts)of state-owned industrial enterprises.Other Central and Western regions,except for individual provinces(cities and districts),show different degrees of decline in the proportion of assets scale.Especially in the three northeastern provinces,the proportion of state capital declined by a large margin.Using factor analysis method to compare and evaluate the economic benefits of state-owned industries,it is found that in regions with relatively good economic benefits,state capital is concentrated in monopolistic industries related to the lifeline of national economy,such as electricity,heat,gas and water production and supply industries.In regions with general economic benefits,national capital mainly concentrates on manufacturing industries with relatively high capital and technology intensiveness,such as automobiles and electrical machinery;in regions with relatively poor economic benefits,national capital mainly distributes in mining industries with relatively high resource intensiveness,such as coal mining and washing.The obvious regional differences in the economic benefits of state-owned industries in China are not only closely related to the distribution of state-owned industries,but also closely related to resource endowment,degree of development and economic basis,national policy orientation and support.Using comparable data to analyze the impact of state-owned industry on regional economic growth and its changes from 2001 to 2016,it is found that the impact of state-owned industry on the economic scale shows the characteristics of rising and falling in fluctuations.There are great differences in regional changes.The regions with high contribution rate are mainly those with high profit margin of main business income and concentrated distribution of state capital.The impact of state-owned industry on fiscal revenue shows the characteristics of rising and falling fluctuations,while in various regions showed a general decline and a relatively large range of changes.Some of these areas,mainly resource-based industries,still rely heavily on state-owned industries.The contribution rate of state-owned industry to the employment of urban units is mostly negative and the gap between regions is obvious.Generally speaking,the average number of employed workers in state-owned industrial enterprises does not have a significant impact on the employment of urban units in most areas.To sum up,it is an indisputable fact that the proportion of state-owned industrial economy has declined,the operating efficiency and efficiency of some industries are not high,and some areas with traditional advantages of state-owned industry are facing great difficulties in strategic restructuring and transformation of enterprises.However,from the point of view of this study,it can not be concluded that the high proportion of state-owned industry is the main reason for the regional economic decline and the lack of vitality of economic development.Instead,we need to proceed from the resource endowment,development basis,distribution of state-owned industrial industries and regional economic structure of various regions,aiming at speeding up the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned industrial enterprises,improving the efficiency of state-owned industries,and improving the control power of state-owned capital in key industries and key areas,to adapt to regional characteristics,and formulate corresponding reform measures for state-owned industrial enterprises. |
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