Research On Household Income Differentiation Of Rural Residents And Its Influencing Factors In The Process Of Urbanization

Since reforming and opening,the government has promoted the urbanization and modernization of rural society by formulating and implementing a series of policies,such as the development of non-agricultural industries in rural areas and the transfer of rural labor force.The adjustment of rural industrial structure has effectively promoted the development of rural economy and society,thus increasing farm households' income.However,with the increase of farm households' income,the income gap between farmers also shows a trend of increasing year by year.Using CHIP income data on 1995,2002,2013,this paper studies the reason of income disparity in every income quantiles of coefficient of variation.We find that non-agricultural work is an effective way to increase farmers' income in the process of urbanization,and with the development of the process of marketization,the influence of social capital is gradually smaller than that of human capital.Finally,rural land although there is no much impact on farmers income,but as the farmer's basic life safeguard,become the basic insurance for the family life and employment.The widening income disparity weakens the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction of rural poor population.The greater the income disparity,the less likely it is to reduce poverty.Income disparity will also increase the incidence of rural poverty,thus affecting the speed of poverty reduction in China.The development of the market economy increasingly changing make the poverty factors become more complicated,which is closely related to the historical background.At the beginning of the reform and opening up,the influence of the traditional identity system and the unit system on social status and social mobility was gradually weakened.While the emerging market forces broken the past institutional barriers,and the market-oriented system reform promoted the formation of new social structure.Since the 21 st century,new social stratum solidification has gradually formed.As a result,in the vicious cycle of intergenerational transmission the poor face a more unequal competitive environment.,and the poverty reproduction mechanism is formed,which hinders the virtuous cycle of social mobility.We suggest that in the process of controlling income disparity and poverty,the government should first ensure that the rights of the low-income group to receive education are guaranteed,so that each group can obtain equal quality educational resources through fair education;Secondly,government eliminate the barriers to employment in the labor market and maintain the justice and fairness of employment,thus improve the social status of the rural low-income group through formal employment;Third,we need to break up labor market segmentation in terms of industry monopoly,occupational segregation and differences within and outside the system,create fairer initial conditions for competition,thus provide more opportunities for the low-income group;Finally,it is necessary to improve the rural social security system and promote the appropriate large-scale management of agricultural land,so as to better promote farm households to increase income better.