Research On Marx's Criticism And Development Of Land Rent Theory Formulated By Adam Smith And David Ricardo

By criticizing and inheriting the rent theory of Smith and Ricardo,Marx developed and perfected such theory.Land rent theory is an important part of the Marxist political economy.The first chapter is the introduction part,which describes the research background significance of the rent theory,and explores both domestic and abroad research status of the land rent theory.The innovation point of this paper is to apply the research methods of historical materialism,literature method and comparative analysis method to explain how Marx criticized and developed the rent theory of classical political economy,thus forming his own rent theory.Chapter 2 first introduces the core content of Smith land rent theory in detail,including his definition of land rent and its nature,his analysis for the causes of land rent,and his discussion of the relationship between land rent and commodity prices.Then the rent theory of Ricardo is elaborated.The progressiveness of Ricardo rent theory is to completely insist that the labor is the only measurement for values and correctly define the differential rent based on this theory.The limitations of his theory were therefore generated.Ricardo denied that rents came from the exploitation of workers,denied absolute rent,and therefore misinterpreted the relationship between rent and commodity prices.Chapter 3 is divided into two parts.The first part is to describe the inheritance of the rent theory from Smith and Ricardo in Marx theory.Marx mainly inherited the "land rent is the cost of using land" and "land rent comes from the deduction of the value created by agricultural workers" from Smith.The inheritance of the rent theory from Ricardo includes the definition and influencing factors of differential rent.The second part is the criticism for the rent theory from Marx.Marx criticized that Smith refused to admit the land rent is an exploitation for agricultural workers.Then,he pointed out that,compared with the theory from Smith,the theory from Ricardo is degraded in terms of the nature of rent and land rent and commodity prices.Marx also argued that the view of Ricardo only reckoned that rents are preferentially generated is also wrong.The fourth chapter is the core content of this paper.It expounds the perfection and development of the rent theory from Marx and makes an objective analysis of rent theory from Marx.First of all,Marx perfected the definition of land rent and believed that the real land rent is the remuneration of land use rights.The rent caused by the interest and ownership monopoly of land reform capital is only a possible component of rent.It is then stated that rent is an exploitation of agricultural workers and is the result of unfair distribution caused by capitalist private ownership.On this basis,Marx explained the reasons for the rent.Capitalist private ownership will result in a land monopoly and restrict the free entry of capital into agriculture,causing the monopoly of land ownership and management rights,which leads to rent payment.According to different influencing factors,Marx divided the land rent into two forms:absolute rent and differential rent.Finally,Marx demonstrated the relationship between land price,land rent,and interest rate.The land rent theory from Marx embodies the research method of historical materialism.Based on the development of productivity,Marx discusses the source,form and evolution of land rent under different social relations.This analysis is based on the scientific labor theory of value and surplus value theory from beginning to end.Through the rent theory,Marx revealed the essence of the exploitation for the capitalist economic system.The conclusion in Chapter 5 summarizes the whole process of the development of the Marx rent theory.The development of capitalism during the period of Smith and Ricardo was not developed enough and limited by the theory of classical economics and the limitations of classes,which led to the insufficiency of the theory of land rent.Marx historically criticized these shortcomings.On the basis of criticism,Marx also inherited the scientific core of the rent theory and revealed the exploitative nature of capitalist private ownership through scientific labor theory of value and surplus value theory to propose a more advanced economic form.