Study On The Influence Mechanism Of Family Care On The Transfer Of Labor Force

In the background of the rapid development of the urbanization and industrialization and the low efficiency of the farm sector,the rural labor will persistently shift from the rural sector to the urban sector,which is a typical characteristic of large developing countries.With the great loss of the young and middle-aged labor in the rural areas,The scale of the farmland whose management is extensive and even abandoned is increasing in mountainous regions in our country.The farmland transfer is a good way to alleviate this phenomenon,and it is also a good way to promote the large-scale management of farmland and the modernization of agriculture.The farmland circulation depends on the long-term,stable and effective transfer of off-farm employment of rural labors.But the system of urban-rural dual structure hinders rural labors from carrying out effective or permanent transfer of off-farm employment,which impedes the circulation of farmland.Based on the theory related to the transfer of rural labor force and behavioral economics and so on,the paper constructs an analytical framework of decision-making mechanism of household farmland transfer behavior in order to analyze the mechanism how the family caregiving makes effect on farmland transfer by influencing the transfer of off-farm employment of rural labors.Based on the survey data of 178 householders in Yongxin County,this paper hopes to find out how family caregiving affects the farmland transfer by influencing the transfer of off-farm employment of rural labors,that is,the internal relationship among them by employing tobit regression model and mediating effect analysis.The main conclusions that the research draws are as follows:(1)The more members need to be cared for in the family,the more farmland the farmers tend to flow into.The care of the elderly and the care of the 0-4 years-old children have no significant impact on the farmland inflow,while the care of the 5-15years-old children significantly promotes the farmer~'s inflow into the farmland,that is,the more the 5-15-year-old children in need of care in the family,the greater the scale of the farmland the farmers want to flow into;(2)The amount of members in need of care in the family doesn~'t significantly inhibit the farmer from renting out of the farmland,but the care of the 0-4 years-old children will reduce the probability that farmers rent out of the farmland;(3)Family caregiving obviously inhabits famers from renting out of the farmland while makes farmers to flow into more farmland by preventing rural labors from shifting to the urban sector.Moreover,the study finds that the mediator,migration passes the significant test,in other words,family caregiving will affect the farmland circulation by restraining the migration of rural labor,while the mediator,local off-farm work doesn~'t pass the significant test;(4)The householder age,the householder education level,the amount of labors in the family,there is pension or not in the family,family income level,the topography of farmland,the irrigation condition of farmland,the wage of non-farm sectors and the distance from county industrial park are all the important factors that affect the farmland transfer.Based on the above analysis,put forward five suggestions that promote farmland circulation in mountainous regions:(1)It is to accelerate rural infrastructure development,specially the infrastructure for elderly care and childcare;(2)Promote the reform of the system of urban-rural dual structure in order to provide policy conditions for effective non-farm transfer of rural labor;(3)Accelerate the development of new urbanization and industrialization for providing more off-farm employment opportunities for rural surplus labors in mountainous regions;(4)Pay more attention to the improvement of the health of the elderly and create better social security conditions for farmland transfer.For example,the local community hospitals could regularly provide free medical examination services for the elderly,and popularize the health knowledge of the elderly through community media and so on.(5)Strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure for promoting the utilization of farmland and the farmland transfer efficiently.Well-equipped water conservancy facilities and transportation facilities are necessary conditions for achieving the mechanization and scale management of agriculture.