Comparative Analysis Of Production Cost And Benefit Of Maize Between China And America

In recent years,the production cost of Maize in China has risen rapidly,which reduces farmers' income.On the other hand,it affects the domestic price of maize and causes the price of Maize at home and abroad to hang upside down,which directly affects the international competitiveness of maize products.Based on this,this paper analyses the reasons why China's maize has gone from low cost to "maize dilemma" in recent 10 years.Based on this,combined with the change of national policy from temporary storage policy to market-oriented purchase and subsidies in 2007,this paper analyzed the reasons why China's maize has gone from low-cost to "maize dilemma" in recent 10 years.Through the methods of trend analysis,comparative analysis and grey relational analysis,this paper analyzed the change rule,constituent elements,income and price of maize production cost in China from 2008 to 2016,and compared them with American maize.The grey relational analysis method was used to rank the relational degree of factors and prices in production cost on income,and the multiple linear regression equation was used to validate it.Finally,some suggestions were summarized to reduce the production cost of Maize in China and improve the efficiency of maize planting.This paper draws the following conclusions:Firstly,from 2008 to 2016,the production cost of Maize in China showed an overall upward trend.From 420.29 yuan per mu to 827.649 yuan per mu,the total increase was 407.359 yuan per mu,with an average annual growth of 8.84%.The contribution rates of labor cost,material cost and service cost to production cost were 69.01% and 30.99% respectively.This shows that labor cost has become a key factor to promote the sustained growth of maize production cost in China.Since 2012,labor costs of Maize in China have exceeded material and service costs.Among the labor costs,the influence of labor price on production cost is slightly greater than that of daily labor price,but there is a possibility ofunderestimating the calculation of daily labor price.At the same time,the proportion of household labor cost in labor cost is much larger than that of employee cost,which is maintained at more than 96%.Material and service costs in production costs are also rising,but the increase is less than labor costs.Among them,fertilizer fee,agricultural machinery operation fee and seed fee account for the main part and show an upward trend.The annual average growth rates of agricultural machinery operation fee and seed fee are relatively high,which are 10.28% and 8.95% respectively.Insurance fee shows a rapid growth,with an average annual growth rate of 60.2%.Compared with the United States,in 2010,China's corn production cost surpassed that of the United States,mainly because of the rapid rise in China's labor costs.Meanwhile,the material and service costs of Maize in the United States have been higher than those in China,but the gap has narrowed year by year.Among them,China's agricultural machinery operating fees are rising faster,and the gap with the United States is widening.In 2013,China began to pay more for corn fertilizer than the United States.Secondly,China's maize income fluctuates greatly.Compared with the United States,China's maize income has a certain advantage,but this advantage is gradually losing.From 2008 to 2016,the net profit of maize planting in China showed a downward trend,and began to show negative value in 2015.The root cause is that the cost of maize planting is growing faster than the output value,and the production cost of maize is still increasing in the years when the output value of maize declines.The fluctuation of maize GDP is relatively large and the cost of maize production continues to increase,which leads to the instability of the income from maize cultivation in China.Thirdly,from 2008 to 2016,China's corn price has been higher than the international corn market price,resulting in an increase in imports.China's domestic market price of corn has been higher than that of the United States.At the same time,since 2013,the domestic price of corn has been higher than the CIFtariff price,which is not conducive to China's domestic corn market sales.Stabilizing the market price of Maize in China is an effective way to improve the efficiency of maize planting and increase farmers' income.The price of agricultural products is affected by many factors,and the production cost is still one of the important factors affecting the price.Fourthly,using grey relational analysis method,we can see that fertilizer fee,selling price of maize main products,employee fee,agricultural machinery operation fee,seed fee and pesticide fee have significant impact on net profit fluctuation of maize planting in China.In the foregoing analysis,the increase of labor cost is large,which has a significant impact on the production cost.Price has a greater impact on earnings,which may be due to the higher discount rate of household labor in labor costs.Although the price of employee is higher than the daily labor price,the proportion of employee cost in labor costs is smaller.The price is determined by the market and is uncontrollable.The cost of fertilizer,labor,machinery and other production costs have a relatively large impact on the income,so the utilization rate can be improved by technical methods,so as to reduce the cost.