How Human Capital Reduced To Public Goods？A Qualitative Study Based On Life Course Theory

Generally speaking,individuals will maximize their human capital to obtain economic or social benefits,especially in the acquaintance society.But in reality,there are a large number of "capable people" who give up personal skills and other human capital,or even forced to leave,and the existing research has not yet given an explanation.In addition,most of the researches studying the realization of human capital value focus on the macro level such as the state and society and the medium level of enterprises,ignoring the most basic micro level of the society for a long time--ordinary community.This paper complements and expands the existing research through case studies on the life course of several "capable people" in an acquaintance community.The key,in this article,is that,with the accumulation of human capital,there is a tendency of making human capital public property in a acquaintance society,and individuals can’t get the equivalent of economic or social interest,so they take a number of strategies to get it internalized--to cool the emotions,or to give up,or to go.Furthermore,the use of individual human capital is subject to informal institutional constraints,which,in turn,rational individuals respond to.In order to explore this mechanism of constraint and response,this paper starts from the concept of human capital property rights,constructs four ideal types of individual strategies,and develops an analytical framework that helps to interpret the maximization of human capital value and human resource development modes at different levels by analyzing the constraints and incentives of their behaviors and investigating their coping rules.The research methods of this paper are typology and qualitative case study methods.In terms of the model construction of typology,the innovation points and breakthrough points of this study were found by sorting out relevant literature such as the realization of human capital value,public goods and property rights theory,and the concept model of individual coping with the public goods of human capital was proposed based on the concept of property right.In terms of qualitative case study,this paper selects "capable people" in an acquaintance community as the research objects,and obtains data through participatory observation,direct interview and indirect interview.The innovation of this paper: this paper focuses on an ordinary community--ordinary people in an ordinary village,expanding the research objects and research fields of human capital.From the perspective of the theory of human capital property rights and the theory of acquaintance society,this paper finds out the restrictive factors of the maximization ofhuman capital value,which enriches the theory of human capital property rights and the theory of informal institutions.At the same time,the paper puts forward some coping strategies to improve the mode of human resource management and development.The analysis of this paper is as follows: firstly,building the ideal type of personal strategy from the concept of property rights.Property right has two dimensions: property relationship and personal relationship.This paper uses "competitive" as the index of property relationship and "affective" as the index of personal relationship.The so-called "competitive" refers to the individual human capital is used by others is cooperative game behavior or non-cooperative game behavior.The non-cooperative game behavior is highly competitive,and the cooperative game behavior is low competitive.The so-called“affective” refers to the individual’s subjective evaluation of the emotional depth of others.Human capital is a complex of many elements including knowledge,skills and physical quality,among which personal skills are the most critical elements.In order to simplify the framework,this paper takes personal skills as the index of human capital.Next,selecting the subjects by purposive sampling according to the ideal type.After the sampling,we conduct direct interviews and indirect interviews and participatory observation to form a triangulation of the data.Then we analyze the constraints and incentive mechanisms of different strategies and the coping rules based on the public goods theory and rational selection theory.Finally,the analysis framework is extended to the organizational management level,and its applicability is discussed.The final conclusions are drawn :(1)informal institutions will restrict the realization of the maximization of individual human capital value,and this restriction is realized through the path of making individual human capital public property;(2)The use of individual human capital will be affected by both affective and competitive factors.When rational individuals deal with the public property of human capital,there will be four ideal types.At the same time,based on the motivation of maximizing the value of human capital,these ideal types will change dynamically.Management advice: generally speaking,cultures or institutions that encourage cooperation are conducive to knowledge sharing but lead to the public property of individual skills as well,while cultures or institutions that encourage competition have the opposite function.Therefore,organizations should use these two strategies according to the specific situation.The specific contingency strategy is: if the human capital property rights protection system of the organization is sound,and employees perform their respective duties and responsibilities,it is feasible to encourage cooperation.However,if the human capital property rights protection system of the organization is incomplete and someemployees of the organization are outstanding,cooperation should not be encouraged,otherwise,it is easy to appear the phenomenon of "the abler one is,the busier one is".Due to limited resources,time and energy,this paper does not study the impact of informal institutions in organizations on the realization of individual human capital value.It is hoped that future researchers can conduct follow-up studies.