The Impact Of Urbanization On Agricultural Total Factor Productivity In China From The Spatial Perspective

Urbanization development is closely related to agricultural production in China.Since the reform and opening-up policy,the urbanization level in China has been continuously improved.Urbanization has exerted a profound impact on China's agricultural production by affecting the migration of agricultural labor force,the integration of cultivated land resources and the diffusion of agricultural science and technology.Urbanization has the two-way effect on China's agricultural production.On the one hand,the rapid development of urbanization will produce "siphon effect" on rural labor force,cultivated land and other agricultural resources,which may hinder the growth of total factor productivity of agriculture;on the other hand,the development of urbanization produce "trickle-down effect" to promote city investment in agricultural inputs,and the application of advanced science and technology in cities to the agricultural production,which may contribute to improve agricultural total factor productivity.In order to clarify the impact mechanism of urbanization on China's agricultural total factor productivity,this paper summarizes the development situation of China's urbanization and agricultural production based on relevant literature and theoretical basis,and conducts the qualitative analysis of the possible impact of urbanization on agricultural production in China.Then use DEA-Malmquist Index to measure agricultural total factor productivity in China from 2004 to 2016.From the perspective of space,the evolution and contribution of agricultural total factor productivity are analyzed.Then draw the conclusion that agricultural total factor productivity growth is the main power of pushing the agricultural industry expansion.Meanwhile,agricultural total factor productivity growth rate of different provinces presents various coordination with various urbanization levels.After conducting Moran Index Test,it can be found that the urbanization development level and the total factor productivity of agriculture in China both show the strong positive spatial correlation,and the spatial dependence of agricultural total factor productivity will gradually become stronger as time goes by.Then adopt the bidirectional fixed effect space panel model to estimate the space spillover effects of the urbanization on agricultural total factor productivity.The research results show that nationally the impact of urbanization on agricultural TFP show the U-shaped curve relationship respectively at the level of direct effect,indirect effect and total effect.And the empirical results indicate that the influence direction and the influence degree of urbanization on agricultural total factor productivity present the dynamic change trend with the development of urbanization and the impact of urbanization on agricultural TFP has strong spatial spillover effects.In addition,the robustness test has been performed by adopting different spatial weight matrix,lagged core explanatory variable and dynamic spatial panel model.Then it can be found that the research conclusion of the U-shaped curve relationship of the impact of urbanization on total factor productivity of agriculture in China remains constant.In addition,the increase of R&D investment and the improvement of market index also play important roles in promoting agricultural TFP.And divide China into eastern region,central region and western region for further analysis.It can be found that the influence degree and the significance level of urbanization effect on agricultural total factor productivity will vary with the variation of the resource endowment,geographical location and economic conditions of different regions.According to the research results,this paper puts forward correlative policy suggestions from the perspective of promoting the coordinated development of new urbanization and agricultural production,breaking the inherent administrative barriers between various regions,increasing agricultural R&D investment,raising the level of rural human capital and establishing the dynamic supervision and evaluation mechanism for cultivated land.