The Research On The Relationship Between Agglomeration Economic Effect And Performance Of Agricultural And Sideline Food Processing Industry

Agricultural and sideline food processing industry is the link between agricultural production and consumption,and also an important channel to improve agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.China has a vast territory,and there are great differences in resources and market scale between different regions.The spatial differentiation characteristic of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is obvious,which shows a relatively obvious spatial distribution pattern of industrial agglomeration.The agglomeration effect formed by the differences in spatial distribution will affect the local industrial performance in the form of local economy or urbanization economy.At the same time,with the rapid development of infrastructure construction such as transportation,the relationship between regions is increasingly close,and spatial spillover effects such as economy and technology become an important factor in activities.The theory of agglomeration economy shows that industrial agglomeration is an important factor affecting regional economic growth and industrial productivity.The concentration of a large number of enterprises in space will produce agglomeration economic benefits,greatly promote regional industrial productivity and economic growth,and is an important source of sustainable competitiveness of regional industries(Porter,1990).Different scholars have different views on the mechanism of the economic effect of industrial agglomeration.There are two representative views: one is that the externality of the specialization of industrial agglomeration results in the formation of specialized division in the regional agglomeration of specific industries,and the spillover effect among enterprises in the industry improves the productivity of enterprises,that is,the local economy(Marshall,1920);the other view is that the diversification externality mechanism,which emphasizes knowledge spillover among enterprises in different industries and exchanging complementary knowledge among enterprises across industries,can greatly promote innovation in research and practice,and further promote the productivity of enterprises,that is,urbanization economy(Jacobs,1969).Although the two theories of externality have reached a consensus on whether industrial agglomeration can produce externality,there are big differences in the types,scope and intensity ofexternality,and direction of the total effect.Accordingly,the empirical research on the mechanism of industrial agglomeration externality has not reached the same conclusion so far.At the same time,in recent years,the new emerging spatial economics when investigating the effect of agglomeration economy,holds that the traditional spatial externality theory and empirical research fail to examine the spatial effect among regions,and the results of ignoring the spatial effect estimation will produce errors,so it is proposed to add the spatial correlation analysis to the research.According to the relevant theory of industrial agglomeration,combined with the space econometrics analysis method,this study analyzes the relationship between the economic effect and industrial performance of China's agricultural and sideline food processing industry agglomeration.The paper tries to answer the following questions:whether there is correlation between agricultural and sideline food processing industries in different regions after incorporating the spatial correlation factors,and whether this correlation exists a positive or negative effect? How does spatial correlation change the agglomeration economic effect of agricultural and sideline food processing industry?What is the scope and form of the effect of spatial correlation on enterprise productivity?What are the characteristics of spatial differentiation of agglomeration economic effect of China's agricultural and sideline food processing industry? The answers to these questions are of great practical significance for understanding the rationality of spatial distribution of China's agricultural and sideline food processing industry,for further exerting the effect of agglomeration economy,and for improving the productivity of agricultural and sideline food processing enterprises.This paper mainly uses the micro level data of enterprises from 2003 to 2012 in the database of Chinese industrial enterprises,according to the classification standard of national economic industry classification(gb-t4754-2002),classifies enterprises as two digit code and three digit code respectively,at the same time,from the perspective of division of 281 administrative geographical units at the prefecture(city)level,establishes the processing of agricultural and sideline food in China Industry panel region-industry database.On this basis,according to the theory of agglomeration economy,this paper constructs and measures the indicators from two aspects of specialization and diversification to measure the agglomeration economic effect at the prefecture level ofChina's agricultural and sideline food processing industry,and uses Geoda and other softwares to investigate the spatial correlation.Secondly,on the basis of considering the spatial spillover effect,this paper constructs a spatial panel data model to test the relationship between the agglomeration economic effect of China's agricultural and sideline food processing industry and enterprise performance.Finally,the spatial heterogeneity is further investigated,and the spatial differentiation of the agglomeration economic effect of China's agricultural and sideline food processing industry is investigated by using the geographical weighted regression model.In summary,the main conclusions of this study are as follows:First,agglomeration economy and its spatial spillover effect on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is empirically tested at the national and regional level.It is found that specialization has a positive impact on the performance of local agricultural and sideline food processing industry,while the crowding effect caused by specialization is different in different regions.The overcrowding effect of agricultural and sideline food processing enterprises in the eastern region restricts the positive effect of specialization.At the same time,the prefecture level cities in the central and eastern regions are facing the crowding effect caused by the specialization of the surrounding areas.To some extent,the negative impact will affect the neighboring areas,but the shadow effect does not appear in the western region.At the same time,the diversified industrial environment hinders the performance of the agricultural and sideline food processing industry.In the western and eastern regions,the impact of diversification is limited to the local area,while the diversification of the central region has a certain radiation driving effect on the surrounding prefecture level cities.There are significant positive spatial autocorrelation characteristics in the agricultural and sideline food processing industry.The performance of the agricultural and sideline food processing industry in the adjacent areas promotes each other.Strengthening regional correlation is conducive to improving the performance of the agricultural and sideline food processing industry.Secondly,the agricultural and sideline food processing industry is divided into three digit industries,and the impact of agglomeration economy and market scale on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is empirically tested.Itis found that in most three digit industries,specialization produces the non-linear effect from promotion to inhibition,while diversification produces effect from inhibition to promotion;the market orientation of grain milling industry and other industries is relatively strong;the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of agricultural and sideline food processing industry performance exist objectively,and the regions with high industrial performance can radiate to the surrounding areas through spatial effect,and the random impact of the surrounding areas have a significant positive effect on agricultural and sideline food processing industry in the local region.Thirdly,the spatial differentiation of the impact intensity of agglomeration economy on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is examined from a local perspective.The results show that: there is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the influence scope and degree of agglomeration economy and factor input on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry;the regions that play a positive role in the local economy are mainly some prefecture level cities in central regions,and the influence scope is reduced year by year,and the influence degree is weakened;the influence of urbanization economy on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is different;the impact intensity of capital input on the growth of agricultural and sideline food processing industry is decreasing from the east to the west,and the distribution pattern of the impact intensity of labor input is opposite.Fourth,through the analysis of the interaction model of agglomeration economic effect,it is found that there is a significant negative interaction between specialization and diversification.With the improvement of the level of urbanization economy,the influence of the local economy on the performance of agricultural and sideline food processing industry will be weakened.When the urbanization economy reaches a certain degree,the positive effect of the local economy will disappear and even form a restraining effect.Therefore,the localization economy and the urbanization economy do not independently operate.There is a trade-off relationship between them.