Research On Data Monopoly Regulation Of Multinational Technology Company

In the era of big data,data has become an important factor of production--for data-driven technology enterprises,big data resources are the core driving force and lifeblood of enterprise competition.The characteristics of science and technology enterprises determine that they are more likely to produce data monopoly: first,the market formed by science and technology enterprises is bilateral platform market or even multilateral platform market,with strong network effect;Second,the value of technology enterprise platforms lies in enabling interaction.Third,the technology enterprise data monopoly forms the value network;Fourth,the data monopoly has the user locking effect;Finally,the data market entry barriers of technology enterprises are relatively high,and the data monopoly enterprises themselves are relatively easy to achieve cross-border.Data monopolies have the ability to use the first-mover advantage of data to influence the competitive order of the market and even manipulate the politics to influence the whole society.In order to maintain the competitive advantage,enterprises tend to abuse the dominant market position,reduce or exclude the influence of competitors on their market,mainly manifested in tie-in,differential treatment,and refuse to trade.These behaviors may damage the competitive order and innovation ability of the market,hinder competitors and harm the rights and interests of consumers.In addition,large amounts of data are concentrated in a few data monopolies,and the safe custody of information has become a new challenge.Google has a huge amount of data,and the relevant data monopoly cases are also of great reference value.Google USES its monopoly position in the online advertising market to hinder the development and competition of its competitors,and at the same time damages the independent choice of consumers and the benefits brought by market competition and innovation.In 2017,the EU fined Google a record 2.4 billion euros for abusing its market position.In 2018 and 2019,it was fined three times in two years,among which the fines of 4.34 billion euros in 2018 once again set a record for the amount of monopoly fines.Facebook has the top four apps downloaded globally,each with at least a billion users.In 2018,it was revealed that Facebook had leaked data to Cambridge Analytica that affected the us election and brexit.Facebook is also involved in the world's first case of unfair competition-related penalties for data collection,raising the importance of users' privacy to a new level.Facebook's unrestricted collection of data damages consumers' right to control data and personal privacy,and brings negative externalities to the unrestricted collection of user data.The case of data monopoly of Google company and Facebook company fully illustrates the harm of data monopoly of technology platform and the necessity and feasibility of data monopoly governance.In this paper,the governance of data monopoly should be strengthened from four aspects: first,the sharing mechanism of data should be optimized,including enabling data and establishing the portability right of personal data through "common votes",so as to facilitate data flow;Second,the establishment of data label library,not only to facilitate data storage,but also to improve the efficiency of data access;Third,establish data asset quality evaluation and pricing standards,limit the influence of data monopoly enterprises,and give play to the credibility of public institutions;Fourth,we should improve relevant laws and set up specialized departments to ensure that data monopoly governance policies play a role.