Activity Space Characteristics Of The Low-and Middle-income Residents In Shanghai Suburbs And Its Influencing Factors

Shanghai is one of the earliest megacities entering the process of suburbanization in China.The rapid suburbanization has led to drastic changes in urban spatial organization.Inadequate employment posts and living facilities in the suburbs may cause a series of problems,such as separation of workplace and residence,long-distance commuting,traffic congestion,and reduced quality of life.As the residential population in the suburbs becomes increasingly diverse,the social spatial differentiation has become more prominent.In addition to living space,urban low-and middle-income people also face inequality in other space,and research has begun to expand to residents' activity space.From the perspective of space-time behavior,based on the data of geospatial interest points,daily activities and travel questionnaire surveys,this paper analyzes the multiple-dimensional characteristics and influencing factors of the activity space for low-and middle-income residents in the suburbs in the aspects of area,opportunities to access to the city and distribution patterns at the micro-individual level by taking the suburban residents of Shanghai as the research object,using the activity space as the entry point,adopting the methods of GIS spatial analysis and quantitative analysis,so as to provide theoretical support for improving the life quality of low-and middle-income residents and constructing community living circles in the suburbs of Shanghai.According to the research findings,although the results of measurements by adopting different methods are different due to method characteristics,in general,the activity space area of low-and middle-income residents is different from that of non-low-and middle-income residents.Compared with non-low-and middle-income residents,low-and middle-income residents do face behavioral dilemmas in their daily lives and are at a disadvantage in the opportunities to access to the city during the process of urban mobility.Low-and middle-income residents occupy greaterproportion of the spatial distribution pattern of monocentric activity space than non-low-and middle-income residents but account for less proportion of spatial distribution pattern of polycentric activity space than non-low-and middle-income residents,which shows that the low-and middle-income residents have fewer anchors in their daily lives.The internal activity space characteristics of low-and middle-income residents show differences in terms of residential community,gender,age,and household registration.Socioeconomic attributes,built environment,location of residence and other factors also exert different degrees of impacts on the activity space characteristics of the low-and middle-income residents in the suburbs.According to the research findings,the activity space of the low-and middle-income residents is significantly affected by the surrounding facilities of the community.Through improving the construction of shopping,leisure and other facilities around the community,residents' daily activities will be attracted to gather around the community,and through improving the transportation facilities around the community,the residents' necessary travel needs will be met,and the scope of their activity space will be expanded.Therefore,in the construction of community life circle,the balance of different facilities and the level of life needs should be considered.On the one hand,the construction of a vibrant community space through facilities can meet the daily life needs of low-and middle-income residents.On the other hand,the development of transportation can improve the travel ability of low-and middle-income residents and reduce their space-time constraints caused by travel costs.