Research On The Causes Of Rural Poverty And Poverty Alleviation Model In Border Areas Of Yunnan And Guangxi

Poverty has always been the focus of the world.As the world’s largest developing country,China’s poverty-stricken population ranks first in the world.China’s ethnic areas have always been the focus and difficulty of poverty reduction in China.After years of poverty alleviation and development,China’s poverty alleviation work has made great achievements,and the poverty phenomenon in China’s ethnic areas has been greatly alleviated.The ethnic minority areas along the border of Yunnan and Guangxi are located in the southwestern frontier of China.They are bordered with Myanmar,Laos and Vietnam.Many ethnic minorities live across borders.The ethnic minority cultures and customs are diverse.The international economic and political situation is complicated.It is a typical concentrated contiguous destitute area.The anti-poverty task is quite heavy and it is the main battlefield for China’s poverty alleviation.How is the current poverty situation in the rural areas along the border of Yunnan and Guangxi,what are the factors and mechanisms leading to poverty,what are the existing poverty alleviation models,what have been achieved,what are the shortcomings and problems,and how to improve existing poverty alleviation models according to the poverty situation and causes of the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi.Solving these problems is directly related to whether the poor people in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi can get rid of poverty and achieves a prosperous society at an early date.It is of great significance to promoting national unity,realizing the common prosperity of all ethnic groups,and stabilizing the southwestern frontier of China.Based on the relevant research results at home and abroad,this study makes full use of the literature and second-hand statistical data and field research and investigation data to grasp the overall situation of rural poverty in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi,and uses the survey data of farmers to measure income and multidimensional poverty.On this basis,the paper analyzes the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms of rural poverty in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.Firstly,it reviews the theories about poverty-leading factors and mechanisms of poverty alleviation,and then analyzes the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi.Finally,it uses the farmer household survey data to empirically analyze the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms.This dissertation summarizes the poverty alleviation models and its practices in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi,analyzes the achievements,existing problems and shortcomings of the existing model,and analyzes how to improve the existing poverty alleviation models based on the poverty situation and poverty causes.Finally,based on the previous research,the conclusions are drawn,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the rural poverty alleviation and development in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi.The main research contents are:The first chapter is Introduction.This part describes the research background and research significance,research objectives and research contents,research framework and research methods,possible innovations and deficiencies of this paper.The second chapter is literature review and theoretical basis.This chapter first defines the core concepts of income,income poverty,multidimensional poverty,farmers,and the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi.Then it reviews the theoretical basis,measurement methods and empirical research of multidimensional poverty,and reviews and summarizes the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms of poverty from economic,social,institutional,natural,cultural and individual perspectives.And then the current situation,causes and countermeasures of poverty in the border areas are sorted out.On the basis of combing and summarizing the literature,the theoretical basis of the research is pointed out and the analysis framework is constructed.The third chapter describes the current situation of rural poverty in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi.This chapter first analyzes the current situation of rural poverty in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi,and analyzes the basic economic situation,the incidence of poverty and the regional distribution of poverty in detail,and summarizes the poverty characteristics of the region.Then reuse the survey data of farmers to measure the income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty.Firstly,the basic situation of the sample areas and the descriptive statistics of the sample are introduced.When measuring the income poverty of farmers,the FGT indicator is used to measure the income poverty of farmers.Based on the results of income poverty measurement,the income poverty incidence is further analyzed for farmers with different characteristics.When measuring the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers,it firstly introduces the dimension and weights selection,the cutoff for each dimension to be deprived,and then measures the incidence of poverty for each dimension.Then the multi-dimensional poverty are measured,and multidimensional poverty decomposition is carried out from dimensional and regional perspectives.Based on the results of multidimensional poverty measurement,the multi-dimensional poverty incidence for farmers with different characteristics is further analyzed;And then results of income poverty and multidimensional poverty measurements are compared,and statistical analysis of the associations and differences between income poverty and multidimensional poverty are carried out,and last it uses a logistic model to further examine the impact of income on other dimensions.The fourth chapter is the cause of rural poverty in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi.This chapter first analyzes the theories about poverty-leading factors and mechanisms.On the basis of theoretical analysis,combining indirect data with the real situation this chapter carries out a general analysis of the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms from the perspectives of natural environment,infrastructure,industry,particular border elements,and special historical and cultural factors.Finally,the survey data of farmers are used to empirically analyze the poverty-leading factors and mechanisms through a binary logistic model.Considering the different measuring results for income poverty and multidimensional poverty,this chapter carries out the empirical analysis for them separately.The fifth chapter studies the rural poverty alleviation models in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi.This chapter summarizes the poverty alleviation models and its practices in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi from the government-led,market-driven and public participating perspectives.It further analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the existing poverty alleviation models,and then analyzes how to improve the existing poverty alleviation model according to current situation and causes of rural poverty in the border areas of Yunnan and Guangxi.Chapter six concludes with policy recommendations.This chapter summarizes the conclusions of this paper.The specific research conclusions are as follows:rural anti-poverty mission in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi has a long way to go;only combining income poverty with multi-dimensional poverty can it reflect the overall picture of poverty more accurately;poverty-leading factors and mechanisms in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi are complicated;the rural poverty alleviation model in the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi needs further innovation.On the basis of the above research conclusions,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:promote the formation of a balanced pattern of regional poverty alleviation and development;establish new standards for multidimensional poverty,strengthen the targeted poverty alleviation;increase public financial support,solve key problems;promote the integration of featured agriculture,border tourism and border trade;long-term,multi-level investment to improve education;disease prevention,supplemented by other measures;economic development combined with environmental protection,promote industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization;create a peaceful border environment.Possible innovations in this paper are:1.Research the Guangxi and Yunnan border areas together.Guangxi is bordered by Yunnan and they both locate in the southwestern frontier of China.The poverty problems in the two regions have both similarities and differences.In order to win the poverty alleviation battle,it’s better to research the poverty problems in border aeras of Guangxi and Yunnan together,analyze their differences,learn from each other’s strengths,and work together.2.Use multi-dimensional poverty method to measure the poverty of farmers.The existing literature rarely analyzes the multi-dimensional poverty in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.This paper adopts the multi-dimensional poverty method to include the dimensions of education,health,housing,energy,drinking water,sanitation and durable consumer goods of farmers in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.The measurement has been carried out to reflect the poverty status of farmers more comprehensively.3.Income poverty analysis is combined with multidimensional poverty analysis.When measuring the poverty of farmers,the income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty are discussed separately.The poverty situation in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi is described from the perspective of income and multi-dimensional poverty.Then the income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty measurement results are compared and analyzed,and the differences are compared.It provides a more accurate theoretical basis for the identification of the poor people in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi,and can reflect the poverty situation of farmers more scientifically and comprehensively in ethnic border areas Yunnan and Guangxi.4.Analyzed the special poverty-leading factors and mechanisms in the border rural areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.Most of the existing researches analyze the causes of poverty from natural factors,economic factors and human capital factors.Based on the special location in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi,this paper also analyzes the poverty-leading mechanism in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi from the aspects of politics,nationality,history and culture.5.Summarize the poverty alleviation model in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.The poverty alleviation policies and poverty alleviation models adopted in different situations and different regions have both similarities and innovative applications under actual conditions.This paper sorts out the existing poverty alleviation models in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi,and analyzes the shortcomings of the existing poverty alleviation models in combination with the poverty causes in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi,and puts forward my own opinions on the innovation of poverty alleviation models in the border areas along Yunnan and Guangxi.The main limitations in this paper are:1.Insufficient sample areas and statistical data.The sample data of farm household surveys used in this paper mainly have the following shortcomings:the distribution of survey sample areas is not diverse enough,the amount is limited,and the questionnaire survey content is not sufficient.Second-hand statistics,for a variety of reasons,are not the most up-to-date statistics.Sometimes the target area lacks the corresponding statistics,and can only be replaced by similar data,or use a local area as a representative to describe the overall situation.2.Quantitative research on unnatural and non-economic factors is insufficient.The research in this paper involves social,historical,cultural,religious and ethnic factors.Although they are involved,the content of the research and the depth of analysis are far from enough.The content of the questionnaire reflects more material poverty,including income,expenditure,medical care,education,and other material conditions.Many non-material factors are insufficiently reflected in the questionnaire.The factors affecting poverty have great limitations,and this part of the research needs further study.3.The challenge of urban and rural population mobility to poverty needs further research.The micro-level analysis of this paper stands from the perspective of farmers.In the context of urbanization,the definition of traditional farmers is challenged.Many traditional rural household members go out to work,and no longer live in the same house.Decision-making has relative independence,and income is also no longer fully shared.Many migrant workers become mobile population.Under this special background,the poverty problem of farmers has become more complicated,and the investigation of poverty issues from the perspective of farmers has limitations.Some of the rights and benefits enjoyed by the farmers in their hometown and the city of work have not been fully considered in the study of this paper,and further research is needed.