Despairing over the Present Age: Soren Kierkegaard and modernization

19th Century Danish thinker Soren Kierkegaard believed society alienates individuals from their true selves. Kierkegaard entitles this concept "despair." As such, despair deals not only with Kierkegaard's interpretation of the individual but also of the evolution of societies. While arguing that despair has existed throughout human history, this paper is an exploration of the ways in which modern or "Present Age" societies uniquely exacerbate despair according to Kierkegaard. This work begins with an in-depth look at Kierkegaard's interpretation of the individual and of the self and then addresses the difference between modern and pre-modern societies. Analysis of Kierkegaard's works concludes with a discussion of modern social institutions and their contributions to the problems of the present age.