Conditional Cash Transfers and Social Development in Rural Brazil: Social Movements and Structural Change in the State of Sao Paulo

Recent policy initiatives in Brazil have been highlighted as a solution to overcoming high levels of inequality in the country and promoting inclusive development. The evidence has been apparent in the rapid reduction in poverty levels and growing middle-class. In the rural context, Brazil is initiating an ambitious food security framework complimentary to the attack on poverty, at the same time, supporting industrial agriculture for export. Historically, it is from this dual approach that social movements have arisen out of the need for agrarian reform. This thesis explores the role of rural social movements in transforming the agrarian structure in Brazil. Utilizing the state of Sao Paulo as a case study, the argument articulates the importance of social movements in undertaking agrarian reform and promoting pro-poor social policies. Field research was carried out in order to illustrate this dynamic as well as hear from the rural poor and policy-makers alike.