| This thesis is a study of a series of polemical texts, written by Greek orthodox Christians against the theology, ritual, and general cultural mores of the Latin Christians of the Middle Ages.;Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the texts, establish manuscript traditions, and explain their contents. In chapter 3, the relationship between the lists and more sophisticated expressions of religion in Byzantium are explored. Definitions of symbol, and of a symbol's connection to its referent, play a role here. In chapter 4, some questions about Byzantine mentality in general, including Byzantine attitudes toward foreigners and toward rapid change, place the lists in a broader context. Suggestions are made here about possible connections between Byzantine conservatism in all things and Byzantine conservatism as displayed in the lists. Chapter 5 deals with an aspect of the lists which is not echoed in other sorts of texts: namely, accusations that the Latins eat unclean foods. Here some anthropological models are adduced, followed by a brief glance at Byzantine attitudes toward the animals whose flesh is unclean.;In the conclusion, two themes which have emerged earlier are pulled together. First, there are some suggestions, and more questions, about the nature of the real religious differences between East and West. The lists are an expression of this, though an incoherent one. Second, the general question of the relation between what is happening in the world--the collapse of the empire--and religion is discussed. In general, it becomes very clear that it is fruitless to try to separate religion from other factors in Byzantium. Too often scholars have argued that Byzantine reactions to the Latins either were religious or were economic or political. They were all of the above and more. It is fruitless to continue to study the Byzantine world as if religion was somehow separate from everything else. Religion--not just theology, but also ritual--both profoundly influenced and was profoundly influenced by the rest of society. |
