| Astragalus membranaceus refers to the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.or Astragalus mongolica(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao.Astragaloside Ⅳ is known as one of the major functional components in Astragalus membranaceus.In 2020,the National Health and Health Commission officially issued the guidance on how to use Astragalus membranaceus as a variety of"traditional food and Chinese herbal medicine substance"in some areas.As for such an emerging type of food material,there is still a lack of research on Astragalus membranaceus from the perspective of food processing.Besides,there remain some problems such as the low extraction efficiency of astragaloside Ⅳ and the inadequacy of stability at the time of processing,which severely limits the application and popularization of Astragalus membranaceus in the food industry.In this paper,an in-depth study is conducted on the content of astragaloside Ⅳ in different varieties and parts of Astragalus membranaceus,the conversion of other astragaloside Ⅳ into astragaloside Ⅳ,the optimization of extraction process and the thermal stability of astragaloside Ⅳ.On this basis,a Astragalus compound beverage capable of relieving physical fatigue was developed,the function of which was verified through animal test.The details are presented as follows:1.In this study,the approaches to simultaneous detection of astragaloside Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ were optimized.The linear correction coefficients(R~2)of astragaloside Ⅰ,astragaloside Ⅱ and astragaloside Ⅳ were greater than 0.99 according to ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Besides,the limit of detection was 0.006μg/mL,0.003μg/mL,0.002μg/mL,respectively;the limit of quantitation was 0.024μg/mL,0.015μg/mL,0.009μg/mL,respectively;the intraday precision was 1.5%,3.7%,1.5%,respectively;the daytime precision was 1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,respectively;the upper accuracy was(94.1±4.3)%,(98.4±5.8)%,(96.5±1.9)%,respectively.Therefore,this method is deemed suitable for the detection of astragalusides.The contents of astragalusides varied.It was found out that astragalusides were concentrated in the epidermis of Astragalus membranaceus,so was the content of saponins in the lateral root(root whiskers).The total contents of three saponins(astragaloside Ⅰ(1.026±0.018)mg/g,astragaloside Ⅱ(0.227±0.016)mg/g,astragalosideⅣ(0.881±0.076)mg/g)in Radix Astragali lateral root fromLongxi region were found to be higher than other varieties,and the price was only 30%～50%that for the main root of astragalus.2.In this study,the process of extracting astragalosideⅣfrom astragalus root was optimized,and the level of thermal stability was also investigated.In order to address the high viscosity and difficult separation of material and liquid,Radix Astragali lateral root was cut into the tablets sized 2 mm～4 mm.In this study,the extraction process of astragalosideⅣwas optimized by single factor and response surface test,with the optimum processing conditions identified as follows:soaking in advance for 120 min,the ammonia volume fraction of 24%,the ratio of 1:10,the extraction time of 50 min,the extraction rate of(2.621±0.019)mg/g for astragalosideⅣ,which is slightly more than three saponins.Astragaloside Ⅰ and Ⅱ was completely transformed into astragalosideⅣ,astragalosideⅣwas extracted completely,and a small amount of other saponins were transformed into astragalosideⅣ.The extraction rate of astragalosideⅣin pilot scale-up test was(2.376±0.104)mg/g,which is close to the laboratory results.At the same time,the separation time was shortened sharply from 10h～15 h to as little as 10 min,and the extraction efficiency was significantly improved.In this study,the retention rate of astragalosideⅣas extracted during the heating process was determined,while the stability of astragalosideⅣin acidic to neutral solution was higher than in alkaline solution.When the vacuum concentration of astragalus extract to soluble solids content ranged from 45%to 50%,the astragalus concentrate pH<7.0,which is conducive to removing ammonia solution from the extract.Moreover,astragalosideⅣcan withstand higher temperatures,a longer time of heating,and maintain stability at the time of hot processing.Besides,this method contributes to avoiding the residual risk of resin particles caused by macroporous resin elution and reducing economic cost.3.In this study,a compound drink of Astragalus membranaceus containing stable functional components and capable of relieving physical fatigue was developed,the stability and function of which were evaluated.The optimum formula of beverage was determined by means of single factor and orthogonal test.The ingredients are detailed as follows:astragalus extract of 8.00 g/100mL,lycium barbarum extract of 4.00 g/100mL,sorbitol of 10.00 g/100 mL,concentrate kiwifruit juice of 1.00 g/100 mL and xanthan gum 0.20 g/100mL.Further with this,the pilot scale test was carried out on1200 packing units,with the sensory score of the product reaching 94.7±1.4,which is basically consistent with the laboratory results.After testing,the content of astragalosideⅣremained above 90%throughout the storage period(18 months),and the level of stability was satisfactory.Besides,the fatigue-relieving and antioxidant functions of astragalus compound beverage products were validated using ICR mice,which led to the finding that middle dose(10.50 g/kg·Bw)and high dose(21.00 g/kg·Bw)could contribute to a significant increase in blood lactate elimination rate,liver glycogen content(P<0.05)in exhaustion mice,and high dose beverage could also lead to a significant increase in muscle sugar in mice,and the reduction to blood lactate production rate,which suggests that astragalus compound beverage is dose-dependent.Meanwhile,the self-made beverage produces antioxidant effect,which is conducive to significantly increasing the total antioxidant activity,total superoxide dismutase content(P<0.05)in mice,and reducing the levels of malondialdehyde and creatine kinase(P<0.05)sharply in mice,which shows a close positive correlation with the function of relieving physical fatigue. |
PDF Full Text Request