Study On The Protective Effect Of Camel Milk On Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury In Mice

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a life-threatening disease for which there is no effective treatment except abstinence from alcohol and nutritional support.Camel milk,which is rich in functional proteins,vitamins,fatty acids and trace elements,has outstanding antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.In this study,the protective effects of camel milk on chronic alcoholic liver injury were investigated in a mouse model of NIAAA using Lieber-De Carli alcoholic liquid diet,and its mechanism of action was investigated to provide theoretical support for the intervention of camel milk in alcoholic liver injury.The main research findings of this thesis are as follows:(1)After 4 weeks of treatment with camel milk,the body weight of ALD mice increased significantly(p<0.05)and the liver index of mice decreased significantly(p<0.05);the serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity of mice decreased significantly(p<0.05).The activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)was significantly reduced(p<0.05)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)content was significantly decreased(p<0.05).The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),triglyceride(TG),tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1?(IL-1?)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the liver of mice were significantly reduced(p<0.05);Caspase-3 activity was significantly reduced(p<0.05);superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,reduced glutathione(GSH)and interleukin-10(IL-10)levels were significantly(p<0.05)increased(p<0.05).Histopathologically,camel milk reduced lipid accumulation and hepatocyte oedema and steatosis in the liver and antagonised hepatocyte apoptosis.(2)The q PCR results showed that FAS and SCD1 gene expression was significantly downregulated in the livers of camel milk mice(p<0.05),while Sirtuin-1(p>0.05)and PPARa(p<0.05)gene expression was upregulated.This suggests that camel milk may improve steatosis,and thus alcohol-induced abnormalities in lipid metabolism,by regulating the FAS and SCD1 genes.In addition,MIP-1?,My D88 and neutrophil marker Ly6 G gene expression were significantly downregulated in the livers of camel milk mice(p<0.05).This suggests that camel milk can further alleviate alcoholic liver injury by reducing neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil infiltration.(3)The results of 16 S r RNA sequencing of intestinal microorganisms showed that camel milk and cow milk significantly increased the abundance and homogeneity of the colonic intestinal flora of ALD mice and better adjusted the intestinal flora structure;with camel milk showing better alpha diversity than cow milk.At the phylum level,camel milk and cow milk significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides and reduced the abundance of Firmicutes.At the genus level,camel milk and cow milk significantly increased the abundance of Parabacteroides,Bacteroides and Akkermansia and reduced the abundance of Ruminococcaceae?UCG-013.The abundance of beneficial bacteria in camel milk was 9% higher than in cow milk.In addition,camel milk modulates the colonic intestinal flora of mice mainly by increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae(from phylum to genus).In contrast,cow milk modulated the colonic intestinal flora of mice by increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae(from family to genus).It is clear that both camel milk and cow milk regulate the intestinal flora,but differ in terms of specific microflora.The Firmicutes was correlated with LPS,and the Bacteroidetes with IL-10.This correlates with the effect of camel milk in regulating the intestinal flora of the mouse colon.Therefore,camel milk is better than cow milk in regulating the colonic intestinal flora of mice.In conclusion,camel milk has a protective effect against alcoholic liver injury in mice induced by Lieber-De Carli liquid diet.camel milk may achieve this protective effect by increasing the antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes and anti-inflammatory factors to promote fat transport and thus the gradual repair of hepatocyte structure and function.In addition,camel milk may regulate the intestinal flora by increased the abundance of Bacteroides and reduced the abundance of Ruminococcaceae?UCG-013,thereby achieving a protective effect on chronic alcoholic liver injury.