Study On Water Source Area Ecological Compensation Based On Value Realization Of Ecological Product

After the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,President Xi has repeatedly emphasized that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".Source water protection area that shoulder important political tasks have "Lucid waters and lush mountains",but most of the socio-economic development was relatively lagging and lack of resources.The ability to transform "Lucid waters and lush mountains" into "Invaluable assets" requires financial support to lay the foundation for green development.Therefore,ecological compensation is an important policy tool for source water protection area to lay the foundation for the transformation of "Two Mountains".However,our country’s current ecological compensation mostly relies on the central finance,and it is not well connected with the ecological product value realization mechanism,which is an important way to open up the "Two Mountainss" pass.Therefore,this article starts from the study of ecological product,the connotation of ecological compensation and basic theories,builds a differentiated ecological compensation mechanism based on the realization of the ecological product value,and take Xichuan County,where the core source water protection area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was located,as an example to verify.It was expected to provide technical support for the construction and implementation of ecological compensation policies for source water protection area.First of all,The relevant research at home and abroad was sorted out,and by studied the connotation of ecological product,ecological compensation,related basic theories such as the "Two Mountains" theory,public goods theory,natural resource value theory and green growth theory,the definition is guided by the "two mountains" transformation and green growth theory,guided by the theory of transformation and green growth,it defined the connotation of ecological compensation for source water protection area based on the realization of the ecological product value in the new era.Laid a theoretical foundation for the realization of the ecological product value in source water protection area and the study of ecological compensation mechanisms.Secondly,according to the construction of the realization mechanism of ecological product value and related supporting system construction,the source water protection area are divided into "start-up type,growth type and mature type".and through combined the research results of domestic paths of the value realization,screened suitable paths for different types of the source water protection area.Clarified the framework of ecological compensation mechanism that The compensation scope is divided by the production of ecological product,the compensation objects are defined by the ecological product value,the compensation objects are identified by the value formation,the compensation subjects are identified by the value flow,the compensation standards are determined by the value accounting,and the compensation mode is selected by the value realization path for the source water protection area.Then,formulated differential compensation standard accounting methods based on conditional value,loss cost and the ecological product value have been formulated for different types of water sources.Finally,in order to better embody the compensation principle of “payment for development and utilization,protection of damages and compensation” and “green growth”,Xichuan County,the core water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,is taken as an example to verify.Through field research and data collection,in 2018,the direct loss cost and opportunity cost of ecological protection in Xichuan County were 757 million yuan and 816 million yuan respectively.537 questionnaires on willingness to pay for residents and government departments in Xichuan County were collected,and the willingness to pay was determined to be 846 million yuan per year,and used 1.5% of the household income of the effectively beneficiary population in the water-receiving area,the willingness to pay was calculated to be 897 million yuan.It is calculated that the ecological adjustment service value that should be compensated is 3.034 billion yuan,including the value of water conservation,soil conservation and water quality purification of 2.95 billion yuan,78 million yuan and 0.056 million yuan,respectively.Taking 2018 as an example,the compensation standards for Xichuan County as a start-up,growth and mature water source are 846 million,2.95 billion yuan and 3.034 billion yuan,respectively.And used the actual water transfer ratio in the water receiving area,GDP per capita,effective beneficiary population and residents’ disposable income to determined the compensation fund apportionment ratio of each water receiving province and city.It is proposed to appropriately raise the special ecological compensation standards according to the wishes of residents,increase the ecological product value,refine the area of ecological protection and other adjustment parameters,improve the allocation of funds for Transfer Payment of National Key Ecological Function Zone,and In the mature period,attract social capital investment through the establishment of trading markets for carbon emission right,water right and carbon sink.