A Research On The Planning And Architectural Design Of Industrial Technology Transfer From The United States To The Soviet Union,and From The Soviet Union To China In The 20th Century

In the early 20th century,the United States entered the automobile age.The birth of the first assembly line opened the prelude to the modern production lines and brought a fundamental change in industrial development.Since then,the transformed industrial technology has spread around the world under the transfer of technology,leading to the development of the global modern industry.In the 1950s,the Soviet Union aided ‘156 projects’ of China,which were the key projects of industrial development of new China.The development of industrial construction during 20 th century was also highly impacted by this technology transfer.Under the assistance of the Soviet Union,an unprecedented embryonic shape of the industrial system was formed,and a fairly completed modern industrial system has been initially constructed in China.Early in the 1930 s,a technology transfer was initiated from the United States to the industrial construction in the Soviet Union.As a result of the technology transfer,the Soviet Union accelerated the development and transformation of industrial buildings,and furthermore realized the transformation from the agricultural society to the industrial society.The spread of the industrial revolution was achieved through technology transfer between countries.The technology transfer from the United States,to the Soviet Union and in the end to China,together with its impacts on the planning and architectural design of industrial projects,is the focus of this study.Based on the background of global technology transfer and industrial revolution,the research begins with the birth of the first assembly line,and focuses on the Planning and Architectural Design of Industrial Technology Transfer in the U.S,the Soviet Union and China in the 20 th Century.Through the comparative analysis of the plant area planning and industrial buildings,the study establishes the path of industrial technology transfer from the United States to the Soviet Union,and from the Soviet Union to China,in order to provide systematic historical data for the research of industrial heritage protection and reuse.The first half of the paper(Chapter 1-4)based on the background of industrial technology transfer,focuses on the context of industrial technology transfer from the United States to the Soviet Union,and from the Soviet Union to China.Chapter 2starts from the first assembly production line of automobile industry,and combing the reform and process of the development of American automobile industry;With the clues of architects and automobiles and tractor industry,Chapter 3 and chapter 4summarize the context of industrial technology transfer from the United States to the Soviet Union,and from the Soviet Union to China.In the latter half part(chapter 5-7),the research focuses on the typical factory complexes of the United States,the Soviet Union and China.Through the comparative analysis of the plant area planning and industrial buildings,the typical features of the industrial project planning and the architectural design under the technology transfer are summarized,and the path of industrial technology transfer from the United States to the Soviet Union,and from the Soviet Union to Chinae is stablished;And the last chapter analyzes the influences and changes of industrial technology transfer in the aspects of modern industry,industrial architecture,design organization and urban space and so on.