Research On The Architecture Of "156 Projects" In Northeast China

The "First-five-year Plan"(1953-1957)was the starting point for new China to get through from a backward agricultural country and move forward to a modern industrial one.Relying on the technical assistance of the Soviet Union and taking the "156 Projects" as the cornerstone,China had gradually established a complete modern industrial system.Among the 150 projects actually completed,56 of them distributed in Northeast China.Due to a series of factors,such as distinct geographical and climatic characteristics,developed land transportation network,excellent modern industrial foundation,and special historical evolution background,the planning and design of these 56 projects expressed distinctive characteristics of the interweaving of the old and the new.Meanwhile,the connection of the railway network made them forming an organic whole system.Based on the literature review and field investigation,this thesis sorted through the historical evolution and classified construction of "156 Projects" in the Northeast.Relying on the respective features of these "156 Projects" which drove the planning and construction of the industrial zones,the new industrial zone of multi-plant joint type,the new industrial zone of single plant,and the reconstructed and expansion industrial zone of embedding,three typical cases were selected.Through analyzing their planning procedures and the evolution relationship with the urban spatial structure which they were located,their planning practice levels were completely compared and analyzed by applying space syntax theory and technology.With the help of comparative research method and quantitative analysis method of multi-technology integration,the representative cases in production area and living area were selected as the research objects of planning and design.The thesis clarified the contents,process and motivation of architectural culture and technology transfer in the industrial buildings and civil buildings.The inheritance and innovation of industrial architecture design theory and technology in China were revealed,which came through from the achievements of the U.S.modern industrial architecture and technology precipitation of the Soviet Union's large-scale industrial construction in the first half of the 20 th century.In addition,the development and change of the unique "Socialist Realism" style in the architectural design practice of "156 Projects" were described.By using BIM technology and green building simulation technology,this thesis also revealed the coupling relationship between the design process and applicability of the buildings from the perspective of building science and technology,and evaluated the design and construction level of the industrial buildings and civil buildings.The comprehensive application of the Soviet Union's standardized design and the innovative deduction of the Chinese "national form" in the facade design were eventually clarified.All the above made the architecture of "156 Projects" in Northeast China become a unique type of integration of foreign input technology and domestic political culture in the development history of human industrial architecture.The thesis had implemented qualitative analysis of historical value,cultural value,aesthetic value,scientific value,and economic value of "156 Projects" in the Northeast.Based on the statistics results of value evaluation,the field investigation and measurement,and the face-to-face interview of the current situation and building damage,a widely applicable industrial heritage value evaluation system and classified protection method were established.Meanwhile,the integrated conservative development strategy for the industrial cluster of "156 Projects" in Northeast China was proposed innovatively with the concept of "Two protections,Three spillovers and Five-in-one".The architecture of "156 Projects" was rare and precious sample for modern urban development in Northeast China,who carrying rich material and cultural information.They strongly supported the economic construction of new China.The research on their history,technology,culture and protection will not only promote the study of modern architectural history in Northeast China,but also expand the research on the spatial structure evolution and urban context development of northeast industrial cities.