Study On The Spatial Distribution Pattern Of Ethnic Villages In Weining County Of Guizhou Province

With the advancement of China’s agricultural modernization and rural revitalization strategy,rural development has entered a transformation stage,and the development of rural settlements has undergone intense evolutionary,which has caused waste of land resources to a certain extent,which is not conducive to balanced urban and rural development,and how to achieve rational planning and governance of rural settlements,as an important part of promoting urban and rural development,the study of rural settlements from the perspective of geography has received more and more attention.The ethnic villages are the basic community units in the minority areas,and are the physical space on which the ethnic minorities live,its spatial distribution pattern is a comprehensive reflection of the natural geographical environment,socio-economic conditions and historical development process of ethnic minority populations adapting to the region.Carrying out relevant research on the spatial pattern of ethnic minority villages is conducive to the protection of ethnic villages and their long-term development.It has important practical significance for the balancing urban and rural development and the promotion of rural revitalization.This paper on the basis of the statistical data and field survey data of Weining County,we took the local ethnic villages as the research objects,based on the Arc GIS10.2 and Fragstats 4.2 technology platform,comprehensive use of GIS spatial analysis and landscape pattern index analysis methods,study the spatial distribution pattern of ethnic villages in Weining County,analyze the influence of natural factors and social historical factors on their spatial distribution.And study the landscape pattern characteristics of the internal settlements of ethnic villages,and based on the "scale-form-aggregation degree" three-dimensional feature evaluation system,divide the types of ethnic villages.The results are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution of ethnic villages in Weining County showed obvious regional differentiation.The results of kernel density estimation show that: The ethnic villages showed the distribution pattern of “intensive in the central,northwest and southeast,and sparse in the northeast” in Weining County.The distribution in different geomorphological areas is the highest in the high mountain area,followed by the plateau area,and the lowest in the Zhongzhongshan valley area.(2)The spatial distribution pattern of ethnic villages is the result of a combination of natural and human factors.Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors affecting the spatial distribution of ethnic villages in Weining County from the aspects of natural factors and social historical factors,among them,the elevation,terrain fluctuation,slope,aspect,water system,ethnic migration,production and lifestyle,and transportation development have obvious influence on the spatial distribution pattern of ethnic villages.(3)The degree of influence of each influencing factor is different.Topographic factors such as elevation,slope,and terrain relief have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of ethnic villages,the influence of factors such as water sources and roads is relatively weak.The influence degree of different influencing factors on the spatial distribution of ethnic villages is: topographical > water source > road.(4)The landscape pattern of ethnic village settlements shows obvious characteristics in terms of scale,form and landscape distribution.The types of settlements in ethnic villages are mainly small settlements and single-family settlements,and the scale of settlements is characterized by significant clustering,the distribution of settlements is a “multi-center” structure.The forms of ethnic village settlements have obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of patch shape complexity,structural fragmentation and spatial continuity.The overall layout of the internal settlements of ethnic villages shows an agglomeration distribution pattern,the distribution of the density of the settlement plaques is “the density of patches in the northeast-southwest direction is relatively high,and the density of patches in the northwest-southeast direction is low”.(5)Ethnic villages have obvious multidimensional characteristics.From the three dimensions of the scale,form and aggregation degree of the ethnic village settlements,the combination matrix method is used to divide the ethnic villages into nine types according to the actual situation of the ethnic villages,among them,the small-scale-aggregate distribution is the most main type of ethnic villages.Through the study of the spatial distribution pattern of minority villages in Weining County,the empirical analysis of the ethnic villages in the karst mountainous areas has been enriched.The research results can provide a reference for the planning and construction of the ethnic villages in Weining County,it can also provide scientific basis for the optimization and rectification of ethnic villages and the construction of new countryside in the context of rural revitalization.