Research On Optimal Design Of Natural Ventilation Of New Rural Detached Houses In Central Hunan

In the era of urban and rural integration,the construction of new rural houses,especially the most common detached houses,is inevitably affected by the urban housing model.While the new rural houses imitates urban houses from function to appearance,It tends to adopt a nested layout rather than the layout of traditional houses,which leads to a deeper building,a generally poor natural ventilation effect and a substantial increase in energy consumption.As an ancient ecological technology,natural ventilation can effectively improve the indoor thermal environment,reduce energy consumption,and create a healthy living environment.Therefore,in the central Hunan region with high ventilation potential,new rural housing should pay more attention to the application of natural ventilation whether in new construction or renovation projects.Firstly,this study briefly describes the principle of natural ventilation,and analyzes its common research methods and evaluation criteria.According to the actual situation,the research method combining field test and CFD numerical simulation and the evaluation standard of natural ventilation based on average wind speed,comfortable wind speed zone ratio and air age are determined.Then based on the analysis of the geographical and climatic conditions in central Hunan,through questionnaire surveys and field tests,this study analyzes the natural ventilation status and existing problems of new rural houses in central Hunan from both subjective and objective aspects.This article summarizes the five typical new rural detached residential layout types based on the "I" and "L" shapes,and then uses CFD simulation software to analyze the wind environment status of these five typical residences in detail,and found the disadvantages that affected its natural ventilation: unreasonable functional layout,closed space division,inadequate door and window design,and low environmental utilization efficiency.Then the CFD simulation was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of environmental factors such as hilly terrain,surrounding vegetation,residential spacing,and residential orientation on the natural ventilation effect of the residence,and determine the best environmental parameters under different conditions.Based on the residents’ psychological feelings and the objective conditions of the new rural housing,the three-point optimization design principles of locality,efficiency and optimality were formulated,and under its guidance,natural ventilation optimization for each new rural detached housing type was proposed.The simulated wind environment of five typical residences before and after optimization is compared to verify the feasibility of the optimization design strategy.Finally,from the two perspectives of internal design and environmental factors,a natural ventilation optimization design strategy suitable for new rural detached houses in central Hunan is proposed.