Research On The Characteristics Of Plant Landscape Of Gelao Traditional Village And Its Protection And Development Strategy

Traditional villages contain rich historical information and cultural landscape,which is the biggest legacy of China’s agricultural civilization.“Gelao” is a famous indigenous nation born earlier in Guizhou province.Therefore,its traditional villages are more mysterious and worth studying.At present,there are a few researches on the plant landscape of the traditional villages of Inner-Gelao at home and abroad,and the quantitative study about it is even rare to report.Based on this,the present work will comprehensively study the characteristics of the plant landscape and its conservation strategies through the combined qualitative and quantitative method.Three villages are selected as samples,i.e.Longtan Village,Yangxi Village,and Banchang Village.This research aims at providing the theoretical and pratical references to the design,the protection,the construction,and the management of the plant landscape in the rural village of our country.The main results are as follows:(1)The characteristics of the plant community landscape of the traditional village of Gelao include: abundance of the plant specie,diversity of the plant function,complexity of the geographic composition,diversity of the plant group,good level of the plant diversity,difference of the plant texture density,and complexity of different landscape types,et.(2)As the basic features of the plant landscape,116 species of plants are recorded in this three traditional villages,belonging to 108 genera and 74 families.Among them,gymnosperms and angiosperms belong to 8 genera and 6 families,and 96 genera and 64 families,respectively.And seed plants and ferns belong to 2 families and 2 genera,and 2families and 2 genera,respectively.According to the statistical number of species,there were mainly 8 species in 8 genera for Compositae and 8 species in 8 genera for Rosaceae.According to the statistics of plant life types,there were 31 species of trees,26 species of shrubs,58 species of herbs,and 2 species of rattan.The ratio of the species of trees,shrubs,herbs and rattan was about 15:13:29:1.They include evergreen small trees,evergreen big trees,perennial fruit trees,deciduous trees,and evergreen coniferous trees.Herbs are composed of annual or biennial herbs and perennial herbs,and lianas only refer to herbaceous lianas.There are totally 67 species of trees,shrubs and herbs,accounting for57.75% of all plant species,which devide the natural plant communities of the traditional village of Gelao into 3 vegetation types,including 15 formations and 21 associations.(3)For the number and the diversity index of species of the plant landscape,the specie number,the specie diversity value,Simpson and evenness index are high in front and behind the house,public buildings,river courses and forests,which are more prominent than other types.The fengshui forest,the ancient tree,the farmland,the worship forest and other types of plant community landscape is relatively low.(4)The analyses of the clearance degree and the fractal dimension firstly indicate that,among the forest,the farmland and the vegetable field in 33 sample plots,the plants connect with each other closely.And the plant communities are complex but stable with the strong integrity.Those in the public building,Lin feng shui,the ancient tree behind the house,the road,the river take second place,but distribute uniformly.But those in the courtyard and sacrificial forest fail to distribute uniformly.In addition to the sample area in the Longtan Village sacrificial forest,the number and the average density of the plants is small,and their growth status are independent with each other.It shows that different plant landscape types lead to different plant community appearances.(5)The evaluation based on the beauty degree finds that the plant landscape of the public space has a high degree of beauty,especially for Longtan Village.The worst scenic spots are the vegetable field,the courtyard and the sacrificial forest.(6)The weight analysis shows that: ecological function > social function > aesthetic function.The comparisons of the weight indexes of various indicator layers are as below:soil and water conservation > plant growth adaptability > landscape accessibility >coordination of plant configuration and environment > landscape retention > specie diversity > season and color > community structure richness > economy > physical and mental health > proportion of native tree species > pleasantness.(7)Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation shows that the comprehensive evaluation index of the plant community in the three traditional villages are listed as geltan,Yangxi and,Banchang Village from high to low.Longtan and Yangxi Villages are at the general grade and that of Banchang Village are at the poor grade.From Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of ecological,aesthetic,and social functions of three traditional villages,the result of the first function is Yangxi Village > Longtan Village > board farm Village,and that of the second function is Longtan Village > Yangxi Village > board farm Village,and that of the third function is Longtan Village > Yangxi Village > board farm Village.Generally speaking,it is in line with the comprehensive evaluation results of the three villages.In summary,it is necessary to combine the local cultural background,the regional characteristic,topography and terrain,the growth characteristic of the plant,etc,to construct the plant landscape.Based on the above results of the characteristic of the plant landscape of in Gelao traditional villages,the following protection and development strategies are proposed: 1)increase the species of native trees and enrich the natural space of traditional villages;2)create the plant community actively with the strong spatial variability and enhance the diversity of plants;3)increase autumn and winter plants,making the landscape available to be appreciated throughout four seasons;4)lay out overall for “three living” space;5)enhance the economic benefit from the production of species.