Analysis On The Influencing Factors And Decision Mechanism Of Public Transit Travel Behavior Based On "Attitude Behavior" Gap

With the rapid increase of vehicle ownership in recent years,a series of problems such as urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution have become increasingly serious.Government put forward the strategy of "public transport priority" to deal with urban traffic problems in 2004.But at present,the public transport share rate of most cities in China is only about 20%,which is far lower than Tokyo and other developed cities.The study of public transport behavior based on utility theory seldom considers the influence of individual psychological potential variables.This paper introduces the concept of "attitude behavior" gap in low-carbon consumption behavior,studies the influencing factors of urban residents’ public transport behavior and the reasons for the existence of "attitude behavior" gap from the perspective of low-carbon travel,and quantitatively describes the decision-making mechanism of public transport behavior based on gap model,and provides decision-making basis for improving the public transport sharing rate and easing traffic congestion.This paper takes urban residents’ transit behavior as the research object.First,it defines six research variables based on the improved planning behavior theory.The theoretical model of urban residents’ public transport behavior gap is established and the decision-making mechanism of public transport behavior is analyzed.The corresponding research hypothesis is put forward.Then,we designed a questionnaire of urban residents’ bus travel behavior in China,effectively recovered 891 questionnaires,passed the reliability and validity test of the scale,and analyzed the decision mechanism of the bus travel behavior gap model using the multi-index and multi-cause MIMIC model.The results show that:(1)The main factors influencing the public transport travel behavior are demographic variables,low-carbon travel attitude,subjective norms,perceived behavior control,behavior habits,behavior intentions,policies and regulations.(2)The decision-making mechanism of the public transport travel behavior gap model is that behavior habits,low-carbon travel attitude,subjective norms and perceived behavior control all have an impact on behavior intention;low-carbon travel attitude and subjective norms indirectly and positively affect public transport travel behavior through behavior intention;perceived behavior control and behavior habits not only have a direct and positive impact on public transport travel behavior,but also through behavior willingness indirectly has a positive impact on public transport travel behavior;policy and regulation variables have a significant regulatory effect on the path of behavior intention on public transport travel behavior;demographic variables have a significant impact on some potential variables of travelers.(3)This paper confirms the existence of "attitude behavior" gap in public transport travel behavior,and concludes that the gap is manifested in two aspects: attitude willingness gap and willingness behavior gap.The gap between attitude and will is caused by subjective norms,perceived behavior control and behavior habits.The gap between will and behavior is caused by perceived behavior control,behavior habits and policy and regulatory variables.(4)This paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve residents’ low-carbon travel awareness and social reference standards,perfect public transport system,strengthen policy guidance,and guide the change of individual travel habits,which provides decision-making basis for government policy-making.