Research On Fire Simulation And Evacuation Planning Of High-rise Public Buildings Based On BIM

With the rapid social and economic development and the continuous advancement of urbanization,the emergence of high-rise public buildings has effectively alleviated the problems of urban land shortage and incomplete public facilities,but they are also aggravated by their characteristics such as large vertical gaps,complex structures and functions,and dense personnel.Reduce the pressure of fire prevention and emergency evacuation management.In the past,people often used traditional evacuation drills and fire investigations to plan and study building fires and emergency evacuation,but it seems unsatisfactory to continue to use them in high-rise public buildings.On the one hand,the cost of manpower,material and financial resources for drills has increased significantly.Participants did not have real fear and stress escape behavior,and the accuracy of evacuation results was low;On the other hand,survey feedback is also difficult to truly restore the law of fire spread and smoke diffusion,and most of the evacuation plans derived and formulated are single static path planning,which fails to effectively correct the behavior of escape personnel and balance the efficiency of escape exit use.To this end,this article takes a teaching office building of a party school as the actual research object,which is in line with the characteristics of high-rise public buildings.It integrates the whole process information of construction engineering for fire simulation and personnel evacuation simulation,and combines BIM(Building Information Model)technology with fire simulation and personnel evacuation.The planning is combined,and the practical method of numerical simulation and visual analysis is adopted to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the building to formulate an evacuation plan.It aims to reduce the probability of congestion through scientific,professional and refined research methods,rationally configure the utilization rate of escape exits,ensure the safe and efficient evacuation of evacuees,and improve the modern emergency management capabilities of high-rise public buildings.Aiming at the fire simulation of high-rise public buildings,in order to determine the influence of indoor fire spread and smoke diffusion on the evacuation of escaped personnel,a fire scene model with BIM+Pyrosim as the core was established to quantitatively analyze the safety of fire temperature,CO concentration and visibility The factor index determines the unsafe passage area and time for evacuation,and ensures the scientificity and rationality of the re-planning of the evacuation plan.Aiming at the evacuation planning of high-rise public buildings,visually analyze the evacuation behavior and queue congestion status of evacuees,quantitatively evaluate the use efficiency of escape exits,and establish an evacuation analysis model with BIM+Pathfinder as the core.Evacuation re-planning plan to correct escape behavior and guide personnel to rationally divert.The comparison of the results of the two experiments before and after the re-planning shows that the evacuation time is relatively shortened by 48.75 s,the evacuation efficiency is increased by 9.81%,the use range of escape exit personnel is reduced by 108,and the range ratio is reduced by6.14%.Through the comparison of experimental results before and after the re-planning,the application value of the combination of BIM technology and emergency safety management is verified,providing scientific support and data guarantee for emergency command and decision-making on the fire scene,and is important for disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency evacuation of high-rise public buildings significance.