An Analysis Of The Evolution Of Chinese And French Gardens

The Chinese classical garden reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the gardens that experienced the evolution of the two dynasties were constantly innovated.The arrival of Western missionaries caused a collision of Eastern and Western cultures.Under the influence of Western garden culture,Chinese gardens show a new style of garden.The geographically distant France also achieved brilliant achievements at this time,symbolizing the ruled garden above the kingship to occupy the dominant position and leading Europe for a century.In the 18 th century,the French autocratic rule weakened.With the " China fever " sweeping across Europe,it not only laid the theoretical foundation for the French " Enlightenment ",but also produced a far-reaching British-Chinese garden.Gardens need to realize self-awareness in a dialogue with history.Two heterogeneous garden cultures have promoted the understanding of each other’s characteristics in the interaction,forming a tolerant and interlacing relationship and continuing the life cycle of classical gardens.In the independent development of the 17 th century,French regular gardens were characterized by large and small,geometrically symmetrical and complex forms,space-oriented layout,and proportions strictly following the requirements of classical aesthetics.The view emphasizes the control of the field of view,and at the same time establishes the dialectical relationship between the overall and the details,and uses the vision perspective established by the optical illusion.The garden experience is gradually pulled away from the main axis,with a strong sense of direction and order.The atmosphere of the garden is solemn and elegant,demonstrating the power of people,and showing off with conquering nature.Chinese classical gardens pay attention to the small and the big,and adjust the space sense of the garden in the form of confrontation.Private gardens present a layout structure that combines introverted and introverted,and most of the extroverted layouts are royal gardens.The proportion of space is lawless and imperceptible,with human beings as the object of space observation.The view uses moving point perspective to get the full view of the garden from the experience,and changes the perspective of near and far according to the movement towards the body position.The garden experiences cares about dynamic perception,and generates a coherent landscape sequence in the movement towards position,and the space is also constantly interspersed,nested and other changes,resulting in a flowing rhythm.The atmosphere emphasizes far-reaching garden intentions,showing humility that conforms to nature.In the interactive period of Sino-French gardens in the 18 th century,French gardens were influenced by natural landscape paintings and paintings with oriental sentiments,which gave birth to a new style of gardening that depicts nature and is full of absurdity and illusion.It learned the natural layout from Chinese gardening techniques,making good use of curves to create surprises,and the dotted small buildings of Chinese style organized the scenes and connected the garden tour network.The artificial caves and plant layouts also show the traces of the French gardens imitating nature.British and Chinese gardens pursue the beauty of ruins,illusory beauty and natural beauty.The garden activities are mainly open-air theater,love and love,pastoral idyll and spiritual philosophy.Chinese landscape paintings cut out natural fragments,so the gardens are also simple and complex,and they seek the dynamic experience effect of changing scenery.Western influences on Chinese gardens include architectural sketches and detailed descriptions,water methods,railings,glass,hedges,and Western decoration techniques,which greatly enrich the diversity of gardens,but the impact is relatively limited.Chinese gardens emphasize the poetry of time and space,the unity of scenery and the conception of natural ecology.The garden activities are dominated by landscapes,pastoral life,and elegant gatherings.Obviously,both Chinese and French gardens have their own attachments to nature and pastoralism,thus deducing the future development trend of classical gardens : going to nature and returning to the countryside.This article looks at this history with a development perspective,and discusses the diversity of gardens.On the one hand,it can strengthen the understanding of its own garden and establish cultural self-confidence.On the other hand,it can learn experiences and lessons in the integration of foreign cultures,and then derive a brand new Garden form.It is hoped that through the analysis and research at this stage,the author can provide a certain enlightenment for the construction of Chinese-French classical gardens in the future,re-create the classical gardens,and realize the remodeling and regeneration.