Research On Types And Plantation Scenery Arrangements For Specified Gardens

The ornamental value of plantation scenery in specified gardens is outstanding and has important significance.Therefore,this paper clarifies the definition of specified gardens and summarizes the range of its types through studying and sorting out the origin and development of specified gardens in domestic and foreign literature.Based on the collection and field check of relevant graphic and text information of specified gardens at home and abroad,this paper analyzes design points and arrangements of specified gardens plantation scenery,and provides reference for the construction of specified gardens in China.The main results are as follows:(1)Through systematic combing the history of the specified gardens,the development source and related concepts are identified as follows: 1)Both western and Chinese embryonic forms of the specified gardens are derived from the practical cultivation;2)Traditional specified plant gardens which focusing on plants and plant science knowledge display are under the influence of contemporary aesthetic mainstream.In order to meet people’s increasingly delicate ornamental needs and use needs,they expand into a garden type with diversified types and innovative themes called specified gardens;3)Plantation scenery of specified gardens has distinct characteristics in theme、region and function,which is a good form to create a garden with Chinese flavor,and has research value and significance.(2)This paper studies the ways to arrange plants of specified gardens,based on domestic and foreign literature that related to plantation scenery in specified gardens.The theme characteristics of gardens are taken as the basis of classification and standard,dividing specified gardens into five main themes of botany characteristics,ornamental horticulture characteristics,economic characteristics,ecological characteristics,social characteristics,and eight types that reflect plant relationship,plant habitat conditions,plant ornamental characteristics,plant specific use value,plant ecological function,plant uses for specific population,special social significance,cultural and historical connotation.(3)This paper systematically analyzes the ways to arrange plants in specified gardens from the plantation scenery elements,the plant individual aesthetic features,the components of plantation scenery space form and the plantation scenery artistic conception expression,and puts forward the theme orientation as the prerequisite,which means adopting a variety of landscape techniques to highlight the theme,skeleton plants are used to support the spatial structure,theme plants are used to express the artistic conception of the space,and the filling-in plants are used to enrich the spatial details.Relevant principles of composition and plant group design points are used to create a variety of spatial experience.(4)This paper studies plantation scenery of typical cases of domestic and foreign specified gardens,and analyzes ways to arrange plants of each category of specified gardens,with analyzing the current situation of domestic specified gardens construction based on the field research results of 10 specified gardens: 1)Specified gardens which have botanical characteristics,ornamental horticulture characteristics and economic characteristics are the most widely used;2)To form a plantation scenery model with trees and shrubs as the skeleton,perennial herbs as the main body,annuals and biennials as the filling;3)Lack of plant species and the diversity of plantation scenery;4)The design concepts emphasize art and light ecology;5)The construction level and maintenance level are uneven.(5)Based on the practice and exploration of the rehabilitation garden for autistic children,design methods of space construction and plant combination in the rehabilitation garden is discussed in needs of the psychological characteristics and emotional demands of children.Summarize the planting design points in specified gardens in practice,and put forward the significance of exploring more specified gardens plantation scenery design techniques which are suitable for national conditions under the background of an Ecological Civilization.(6)According to the ecological adaptability of plants and available resources in Shanghai and Hangzhou,a total of 317 kinds of plant materials(including varieties)is recommended for different types of rock gardens,grass gardens,edible gardens and so on.