Energy Saving Design Method Of Rural Residence In U-Tsang Area Based On Architectural Form

Due to the population growth and rapid economic development in U-Tsang area,the requirements of rural residents for living area and living comfort have increased.There is a significant growth in rural housing stock.Rural houses are mostly built spontaneously by residents.Thermal environment creating technology of vernacular houses has not been fully inherited in the process of spontaneous reconstruction and expansion.The per capita area of existing houses is expanding and the functional partition is refining,however,the update of architectural design theory lags behind the popularization of building materials,resulting in the deterioration of thermal comfort.At the same time,rural residents’ requirements for thermal comfort have increased,resulting in a significant increase in the heating energy consumption of rural residences.The contradiction between the fragile natural environment,scarce conventional energy and the demand for thermal comfort of residents in the U-Tsang area is becoming increasingly acute.U-Tsang area is a typical area with strong solar radiation.By adopting efficient passive design methods,it is possible to reduce the heating energy consumption substantially.This is not only the specific goal of the rural revitalization strategy in the field of architecture,but also has significance for the protection and improvement of the natural environment in U-Tsang area.This article conducts a literature survey on rural residences in U-Tsang area,focusing on field investigations on rural residences around Lhasa.First of all,with the design idea of reducing the heat loss of the north facade and increasing the heat collection surface of the south facade and roof,by analyzing the form characteristics of traditional houses and referring to the passive solar house design theory and experience,8 design elements of architectural form that may reduce the heating energy consumption of residential building are generated.Secondly,information on the orientation,stories,plane type,size,functional layout,construction and materials are collected to summarize the basic characteristics of rural houses in various regions in UTsang area.This provides basic information for the following typical residential thermal environment testing,typical residential modeling and building form optimization research.A typical newly-built house named “Nima Zhuoma House” in Caigongtang Township near Lhasa City is selected as the monitoring object.The building is surveyed and mapped.Winter indoor and outdoor temperature are measured.The objective parameters of the indoor thermal environment of this type of residence in winter are obtained to provide data for the following simulation software verification.Sketch Up platform and its Open Studio thermal environment simulation plug-in group are used to build a model of the measured house,and Energy Plus is used to calculate the indoor temperature under natural operation condition.The comparison between the measured temperature and the simulated temperature verifies the accuracy of the software and the model parameter settings.It provides reliable software and model parameters for optimization research.Based on the survey and summary of typical residences in U-Tsang area,parameterized models of typical residences in 4 regions are established.Series of models are designed for the application to 8 architectural form design elements to typical residences in 4 regions.Heating energy consumption in the heating season is calculated.By analyzing the calculation results,it is found that 3 of them have a significant contribution to energy saving,including north closed corridor,additional sunroom on roof,and window-to-wall ratio(WWR)of south facade.Orthogonal experiment is selected as the optimization method.A standard orthogonal table that comes with Minitab software is used.Orthogonal experiments are carried out on the architecture form design elements that have significant energy-saving effects in typical residences in various regions.The purpose of the experiment is to obtain the optimal method with the lowest heating energy consumption.The optimal method in various regions can save 50-80% of heating energy consumption.Based on the experimental results,the energy-saving design strategy of rural houses in various regions of U-Tsang area are proposed.This article is a regular study of the energy-saving effect of architectural design.The results of the study can provide a reference for the energy-saving design of rural houses in areas with strong solar radiation and cold climate.In the future,research on the thermal mechanism of architectural form design can be carried out.