Comparative Study On Characteristics Of Central Axis Of Capital City Based On Urban Design Analysis Method

As a kind of cultural heritage,the central axis of the capital city has a very long history.Whether Eastern or western cities,the central axis space of the capital is usually formed under the guidance of a country’s development planning,so its axis space reflects the country’s planning and design concept.The central axis is endowed with the significance of historical and cultural level and political and economic level,which is a typical symbol of a country.The central axis of Beijing and Washington both arrange a large number of space nodes through ups and downs,and create a magnificent spatial structure.The central axes of the two cities have experienced the process of formation,development,destruction and revival.Scholars at home and abroad pay more attention to the historical evolution of the central axis,but there are few studies on the comparative characteristics of the central axis of the capital city,and there are few systematic studies on the planning and design methods of the central axis.This paper first summarizes the methods of urban design,and deduces the physical form analysis method into the design of urban central axis space.This paper focuses on the section from Zhengyangmen to Jingshan of Beijing central axis,and the section from Capitol building to Lincoln Memorial of Washington central axis.In the second to fourth chapters,through the visual analysis method,we get the spatial cohesion,spatial characteristics and order feeling of ten buildings and squares from Zhengyang gate to Qianqing gate;This paper studies the spatial texture of Beijing and Washington central axes by means of figure background analysis.Beijing’s central axis has changed from a closed and strong order to an open one;The central axis of Washington has changed from open,uncertain and flexible layout to enclosed layout;This paper analyzes the scale proportion relationship of the important buildings on the Beijing central axis through the correlation coupling method,and obtains the three correlation variables 1,√ 2 and √ 3 / 2,which are deduced to the axis space for demonstration.In the same way,the scale proportion relationship between the central axis of Washington city and the important buildings on the axis is also obtained.Finally,the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the central axis planning and design.The central axis of Beijing is a world-class historical and cultural heritage.The cross structure constructed by the north-south axis and the east-west axis is the unique urban spatial pattern in the world.Both Beijing and Washington planned and designed the central axis on the premise of combining their own historical context and urban texture.This is of far-reaching significance to our future urban design.Once the traditional texture disappears,no matter how many excellent foreign cultures are imitated,it is difficult to make up for the characteristic style of the central axis of the capital city.