Research On Water Consumption And Water Saving Strategies Of Typical Public Buildings In Campus

With the acceleration of urbanization,the migration of industry and agriculture out of the cities,and diverse social activities,the numbers of urban public buildings are growing rapidly.Water consumption in public buildings is an important part of urban water consumption,and water conservation in public buildings is an issue worthy of attention for sustainable development of cities.There are a variety of public buildings such as student dormitories,teaching office buildings,and centralized canteens in college campus.College campuses are also characterized by dense population and special groups water usagers.It is of great significance to perform the monitoring and analysis of water consumption characteristics of typical public buildings in colleges,which is important to analyze and propose targeted water-saving strategies and water-saving technologies.This paper selects three types of typical public buildings:dormitory,teaching office building,and canteen in a demonstrative water-saving university in Beijing.First,an overall analysis on the water consumption situation of some universities in our country were carried out.By analyzing water consumption data in different buildings,the key sectors for water saving were analyzed.Combined with the management experience and effect of water-saving work in colleges,this paper puts forward the water-saving strategies for public buildings in campus.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the data analysis of water consumption in some colleges in China,the values of total water consumption and per capita water consumption of colleges have shown a decreasing trend in recent years.The average per capita water consumption of colleges are about 45 m3/a(North)and 87 m3/a(South),respectively.41%of colleges’per capita water consumption still are higher than the requirements of the Ministry of Water Resources "Water Quota for Services:Schools".(2)Research on the monthly,daily,and hourly water use characteristics of dormitories,teaching office buildings,and canteens of a university in Beijing were performed.There are two water peaks in the dormitory building,in the morning and evening,respectively.Water comsumption in teaching office buildings is greatly affected by the teaching arrangement,and its peak of water consumption is between classes in the morning and afternoon.The water consumption in the canteen exhibits two peak periods,morning and afternoon,and the water consumption is lowest after the lunch period.(3)The water consumption of dormitory with independent toilet is(38.9 L/person d)higher than that of dormitory with unit toilet.The water consumption of male students is higher than that of female students.The water consumption of students ishigher than that of teaching staff.In the teaching office building,the water consumption of the building with teaching function is higher than that of the building with office function due to the large daily flow of people.The water consumption of canteen is comparatively stable,and the change of water consumption is small.(4)Analysis of abnormal water consumption in different buildings shows that the daily peak water consumption of student dormitories and teaching office buildings is closely related to outflows.When the daily water consumption exceeds 120%of the average daily water consumption,there are a 55%and 62%probability of abnormal outflow.When the daily water consumption exceeds 140%of the average daily water consumption,the probability of abnormal outflow reaches 100%.It is recommended that the ratio of daily water consumption to annual average water consumption be used as an alert indicator,and timely measures should be taken to solve the leakage problem.(5)Effective installation and use of water-saving appliances can save 13.5 L/(person·d),0.3 L/(m2·d)and 15.8 L/(seat·d)water in dormitories,teaching office buildings and canteens,respectively.Reuse of the centralized bath wastewater and dormitory grey water can save 37%-69%of water consumption in the buildings.(6)Combined with the characteristics of water consumption in colleges and the management experience of water-saving work,water-saving strategies were proposed.Firstly,management organization and management system should be established.Then,infrastructures,such as water-saving appliances,water metering,reclaimed water and reuse facilities,rainwater utilization facilities,and pipe network maintenance should be carried out.Meanwhile,the publicity and water saving education of teachers and students in colleges should be given priority.The Implementation of water conservation in colleges should be carried out from multiple perspectives.