Research On The Urban Morphology Evolution Of Shiyan City Based On Industrial Archaeology

During the period of Third-Front Construction,quite a considerable number of industrial towns grew rapidly along with the fixed-point investment and construction of industrial enterprises.These new industrial towns not only reflect the typical urban and rural form in the period of my country’s socialist planned economy,but also belong to the important part of the planning and construction practice of industrial cities in the early stage of socialism.Because of its unique development process,cities of "Third-Front Construction" have become an important sample for studying the transformation of my country’s urban and rural planning,and their value has been recognized by many scholars.Shiyan City is one of the four newly built cities during the period of Third-Front Construction.Its history of urban construction and industry reflect the national strategy and construction wisdom of adapting to the environment in a specific period.With the completion and development of Second Automobile Works Co.,Shiyan City has been maintaining a large population and economic scale,as well as a relatively complete development context.In this context,the article takes Shiyan City as the research object,and studies its morphological evolution with the method and perspective of industrial archaeology.First of all,through stratigraphy,literature research,field investigation and oral interview,the paper sorts out,analyzes and summarizes the site selection process,technological process and spatial layout of Second Automobile Works Co.,forming the basis for analyzing the evolution of urban form of Shiyan City.Then,the artice puts industrial remains in the background of urban development,and uses the method of morphological typology to sort out and summarize the evolution of urban form of Shiyan City from four levels of urban spatial structure,blocks,plots,and architectural forms.It is found that the planning and layout of the Second Automobile Works Co.reflects the decentralized characteristics of "multiple points in one plant ",and the specialized plant conforms to the topographical layout and organizes collective production and life through the way of "enterprise running the society".Influenced by the layout of Second Automobile Works Co.,Shiyan City presents a band-like spatial structure,which has experienced the evolution process from decentralization to compactness.The evolution of street network and block morphology is affected by topographical factors and the transformation of urban functions.The evolution of plots show that the urban function has shifted from supporting production to management service.The difference in spatial forms of architecture reflects the policy and technical requirements at that time.The article also discusses how the natural geographical environment,unique relationship between government and enterprise,technological layout and urban planning concepts,and social organization unit affect the evolution of urban form of Shiyan City.By presenting the planning and layout of Second Automobile Works Co.and the evolution process of urban form,this paper hopes to enrich the research on the micro-level under the environment of Third-Front Construction,so as to preserve the history for the city and provide a reference for the research of other cities of "Third-Front Construction".