Humanistic Spirit Of Ming And Qing Educational Buildings In Hui Cultural Area

In the local society of Hui Cultural Area,where the thoughts of enlightenment are deeply cultivated and the style of writing is flourishing,the cultural and educational buildings are all over the countryside and there are many kinds,which are of research value in terms of quantity and influence.Moreover,as the carrier of rural cultural spirit,educational buildings contain humanistic spirit and excellent traditional culture behind their architectural space art,which is of great significance to the protection and activation of educational buildings.Due to the destruction caused by the war and inadequate protection,only about 10% of the existing educational buildings are still scattered in the rural society,and a large number of educational architectural heritages need to be excavated and protected.Therefore,this topic is chosen to explore and inherit the artistic value of the educational building space and the humanistic spirit contained in Hui Cultural Area,in order to discuss the protection and activation of the educational building methods,and reshape the increasingly weak humanistic spirit.In the category of educational buildings,the three types of architecture are selected for analysis and research: Confucian Temple-School,Wenchang Pavilion and Memorial Archway.In the site selection,spatial order,architectural form and ritual,Confucian TempleSchool is influenced by the thought of ethical education.The layout of the Confucian TempleSchool takes the temple as the respect,the building is axisymmetric distribution,and lifts the base of the important buildings to create a good view of the landscape.The courtyard space renders a solemn atmosphere,with obvious order and hierarchy,and further consolidates the central royal power in the local city.Under the influence of Confucian aesthetics,the architectural form and structure of Hui-style architecture,combined with three-carving technology,has formed a regional style architecture with humanistic spirit.As one of the most important sacrificial activities in the local society,Confucius sacrificial activities involve all aspects of social life,and also reflect the profound influence of local Confucian ethical education.Wenchang Pavilion site selection combined with stories and historical deeds,pay attention to create a cultural landscape atmosphere.The architectural style combines the principles of Confucianism and Taoism,and follows the harmony and unity of Confucianism and the inaction of Taoism.The building harmonizes with the surrounding area and combines with other cultural and educational buildings to interpret the farming and reading culture of rural society.The Wenchang belief,which is plain and easy to understand,caters to the secular psychology and integrates Confucianism,Taoism and secular concepts.Wenchang Pavilion is a symbol of the consolidation of royal rule and is used as the spiritual civilization space of local villages to promote the popularization of education in rural areas.At the same time,it is also a place of cultivation and reading that carries the collective memory of the countryside and has the local humanistic spirit that cannot be ignored.Memorial Archway is a landmark open architectural structure in ancient China.Its spatial order,architectural structure and architectural art all contain local humanistic spirit.In order to create space order,the memorial archway is arranged in sequence to form a regulated ritual corridor.Or build a three-dimensional four-sided memorial archway innovated by local folk wisdom to enrich the sense of ceremony and commemorative.In terms of architectural structure,it implies geometric rules and exaggerated modeling techniques,giving people a sense of grand and lofty,but harmonious proportion.In the art of architecture,decorative lines borrow allusions,homophonic meaning good.Although the archway is simple in architectural form,it hides a great deal of artistic value and local memory.Local educational buildings are the carrier of Confucian traditional thoughts.Its overall layout also follows the regular Founder,Axisymmetric,South and other rules.Each single building is coordinated with each other,and the spatial layout is distinct.Decoration and sculpture combined with local artistic style,into the folk wisdom.The ritual goes deep into daily life,highlights the humanistic spirit,and creates the scene space.The educational buildings in Hui Cultural Area reflect the scenes of residents’ activities hundreds of years ago,and reflect the humanistic spirit and ethical values of local residents.The humanistic spirit of respecting teachers and cherishing Confucianism also creates the unique features of Hui Village.Therefore,the protection and activation of cultural and educational buildings should pay attention to the integrity of the humanistic spirit behind them and retain the authenticity of the cultural heritage.