Research On The Evaluation System Of Smart Port Under The Background Of China Pilot Free Trade Zone

At present,the world economy is in a period of deep adjustment.The maritime industry is facing many pressures such as the rise of protectionism in international trade,the repeated outbreak of new crown pneumonia,and the imbalance between supply and demand.Many large ports are geographically adjacent to free trade zones,and the two have close business relations and mutual influence.As a consequence,the port may benefit from cooperating with the free trade zone to build a "smart port ecosystem" with the characteristics of policy coordination,decision-making matching,management intelligence and operation coupling.However,as far as we know,most of the existing studies stay in the discussion of the vision of smart port itself,and fail to conduct quantitative evaluation due to the lackness of discussion on the unique connotation and evaluation methods of the development of smart port in the environment of free trade zone.The research on the process of port intellectualization and the linkage and coupling development with free trade zone still needs to be deepened.Based on the theories of Port Ecosystem,Port-City Cooperation and Regional Growth Pole,this thesis studies the construction of smart port evaluation index system based on free trade zone.Through literature review,expert consultation and validity test,3 primary indicators and 11 secondary indicators were determined;The analytic hierarchy process model is constructed to measure the index weight;The TOPSIS ideal point model is constructed to measure the intelligent ranking of 15 port enterprises in China’s free trade zone in 2020;According to the results,the ports are divided into benchmark,weak,problem and potential type,and some suggestions on the intelligent development of ports are put forward.The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:（1）the primary indicators and weights are intelligent port production and operation（0.456）,intelligent port and free trade zone linkage（0.301）,and intelligent port and hinterland linkage（0.243）.Among the secondary indicators,the key ones are equipment intelligence and R＆D investment.（2）China’s port intelligence score is uneven,and there is a large gap between ports.（3）Represented by Shanghai port,the benchmark port is fully digital,which plays a leading role;The weak type is represented by Dalian port,and its overall strength is acceptable,but the marginal benefits brought by scale expansion and extensive development have gradually declined,and there is a trend of being overtaken;The problem type is represented by Qinhuangdao port,with rigid management,backward technology and single business model.It is necessary to improve the awareness of innovation and transformation the whole process;The potential type is represented by Zhuhai port.It is necessary to make up the weaknesses while ensuring the core competitiveness.At the theoretical level,this thesis breaks through the limitation of vision,combined with international trade and logistics,reinterprets the connotation of smart port from the perspective of port ecosystem,and constructs AHP-TOPSIS model system to evaluate the degree of port intelligence.At the practical level,it is conducive to the clear positioning of the port,to enhance the coordination between the port and the hinterland,and to strengthen the institutional innovation ability of the free trade zone.Hoping to provide some inspiration to the follow-up development.