Study On Key Cultivation Techniques And Quality Evaluation Of Rheum Tanguticum In Baiyu County

Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.,Rheum palmatum L.and Rheum officinale Baill.are the origin of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.In recent years,with the increase of clinical application and the development of related products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,the demand for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has gradually increased.but the wild resources have declined sharply,and the quality of commercially cultivated Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has been uneven because of its popularization of artificial cultivation standard has not kept pace with the increase of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma cultivation.Therefore rational use of wild Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources,research and promotion of appropriate Rhei Radix et Rhizoma cultivation techniques is a necessary way to protect the wild resources of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and ensure the sustainable use of resources.Baiyu county is located in the Tibetan autonomous prefecture of ganzi,sichuan province,with rich medicinal plant resources and diverse varieties.Due to the remote terrain and inconvenient transportation,the resource development rate of baiyu county is low,and there has been no research report on related Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources in baiyu county in the literature.The distribution,variety,distribution,habitat and quality of the wild Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources are still not clear.In recent years,with the advancement of cience and technology project from “targeted poverty alleviation s”,baiyu county carried out the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma standardized planting project for the first time.Due to the first Rhei Radix et Rhizoma planting in baiyu county,the cultivation technology of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma suitable for the local area has not been studied,so there is a lack of scientific theoretical basis as a guide.In conclusion,it is necessary to investigate the wild Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources in baiyu county,screen the cultivated varieties of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,study on the key techniques in cultivation,and evaluate the quality of medicinal materials.The main contents and results of this paper are as follows:1.Using the classical method of medicinal plant resource survey,the systematic investigation of the wild resources of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Baiyu County was carried out for the first time.The results showed that the wild original plants of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources in Baiyu County were mainly Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.,which were distributed in 5 townships in the southern area and the maximum density can reach 70 plants per 100 square meters,and most of the wild Rheum tanguticum in Baiyu County are well preserved at present.Picea likiangensis、Caragana jubata、Sibiraea angustata、Rumex acetosa、Anemone rivularis、Ranunculus tanguticus、Capsella Medic 、 Thlaspi arvense 、 Potentilla anserina and Microula sikkimensis are Primary associated plant of Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.2.The suitable cultivation density of Rheum tanguticum in Baiyu County was studied.Five cultivation density tests were established in the field,and the field growth and development of plants,the yield,traits and active ingredients(For the first time,the effective components of anthraquinones,dianthranones and tannins were selected as the content indexes)were used as indicators.The results showed that the suitable density of cultivation was 50 cm spacing and 80 cm spacing.The Rheum tanguticum under the cultivation density had faster growth and development as its advantage.The results showed that the suitable density for cultivation was row spacing 50 cm and plant spacing 80 cm,and the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma plants under this density grew faster and had greater advantages,and the fresh weight of the medicinal material perplant diameter and the content of free anthraquinone combined with the content of anthraquinone were better on the whole.3.The suitable harvesting period of Rheum tanguticum in Baiyu County was studied.The monthly dynamic observation of the medicinal parts in the field was carried out on the Rheum tanguticum in the third and fourth years of cultivation.For the first time,the contents of the active ingredients of anthraquinones,dianthrones and tannins were used as the quality indicators in order to suitable identity the harvesting period.The results showed that in the third year of cultivation,the monthly dynamic changes of anthraquinones were "W",May was common wave peak of total anthraquinones and total combined anthraquinones,October is the common peak of total anthraquinones and total free anthraquinones.In the fourth year of cultivation,the dynamic change of the total hail month was “V”,and the total free anthraquinones and total anthraquinones were “W” shaped,May and November are the common peak.In the third year of cultivation,the monthly dynamic change of total dianthrones was “U” shape,the peak was in May and October,and the fourth year of cultivation was the peak with the highest dianthrones content.In the third year of cultivation,the dynamic change of total tannins monthly was “Z”shape,the highest is in June,and the fourth year of cultivation showed “W” shape.In addition,the content of free anthraquinones and total anthraquinones in the third year of cultivation has reached the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2015 version of the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma stipulation,senna sennoside A reached the "Japanese Pharmacy Party" 2016 version of the regulations,thus mining can start.In the fourth year of cultivation,the content of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma mites in each month can reach the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard,and sennaine A meets the standards of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.Combined with the quality and yield,it is recommended that the harvesting period of cultivated Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Baiyu County should be controlled before the October-November of the fourth year of cultivation.4.The processing method of the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma producing area in Baiyu County was studied.Compare the traditional processing methods of Yahuang(the roots and main roots are mostly processed into horseshoe Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,and the rest are processed into Shuigen)and the fresh radix and roots are directly cut into 5mm～6mm pieces(transverse cut)under the method of dried in the shade、dried in the sun,and baking method(45 °C,60 °C,75 °C),and the drying time,the appearance of the medicinal materials,and the contents of guanidines,diterpene ketones and enamels were used as evaluation indexes.The results showed that the radix and main roots(larger than 7cm in diameter)were cut and the rest of the cuts were suitable for the processing of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Baiyu County.The Rhei Radix et Rhizoma had excellent appearance and high active ingredient content.This method is easy to operate and low in cost,but has the disadvantage of being time consuming.The 45 °C drying method and the dicing cutting section60 °C drying method can be used as the conditions for the drying of the drying room.5.The quality of different underground parts of Rheum tanguticum cultivated in baiyu county was studied.The size of Rheum tanguticum cultivated in baiyu was different eith many branches and roots,and whether these characteristics would bring influence on the quality of is not clear.The underground parts of Rheum tanguticum(rhizome diameter is now greater than 8cm)harvested in September in the fourth year of cultivation was taken as the research object,and it was divided into 8 parts: rhizome and radix(B1)(radix diameter R≥7cm),5.5cm≤R<7cm(B2),4cm≤R<5.5cm(B3),2.5cm≤R < 4cm(B4),1.2cm≤R < 2.5cm(B5),R<1.2cm(B6),root bark(B7)and hollowness(B8),and compare the weight percentage,moisture,total ash,extractum and component content,then do cluster analysis.The results showed that the weight percentage,moisture,total ash,extractum reached the requirements of Chinese pharmacopoeia,and the contents of the three components in different parts were significantly different.The contents of the three components in the 8 parts with diameter greater than 2.5cm were all superior,and the dry medicinal materials accounted for the largest proportion,accounting for 84.06% of the total dry medicinal materials weight.The clustering results were divided into 4 groups,namely,the parts with a diameter greater than 2.5cm(B1～B4),the parts with a diameter less than 2.5cm(B5,B6)and root bark(B7)and hollowness(B8).The quality of the underground part with a diameter of more than 2.5cm was better,followed by the fine root with a diameter less than 2.5cm,but it can still be used for medicinal purposes,and can also be used as the raw material medicine for the extraction of anthraquinones or as veterinary medicine.Although the content of anthraquinone and dianthranone in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is relatively low,it can still be used medicinally.The bran core contains higher anthraquinone and dianthranone,but the tannin content is very low.6.A quality comparison study was carried out on the cultivation of Rheum tanguticum in Baiyu County and Rheum tanguticum in other producing areas.The 14 batches of Rheum tanguticum collected were of different sizes,shapes and colors,and8 batches of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma did not reach the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard.Principal component analysis with 5 free anthraquinones,5 conjugated anthraquinones,2 dianthronesin and2 tannins as the content index was established for the first time and extracted 4 principal components,the cumulative contribution rate reached 90.335%,and the comprehensive score of14 batches of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma samples ranged from-2.08451 to 1.64193.Zoige County Rhei Radix et Rhizoma NO.2 scored the highest,Xiaojin County Rhei Radix et Rhizoma scored the lowest,which can provide a basis for the evaluation of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma chemical index components.Except for the two batches of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Baiyu County,the same and similar origins of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma do not get together well.Comprehensive appearance traits,quality inspection and comprehensive scores of active ingredients,the best quality of Dahuang No.1 in Zoige County,Dahuang in Luqu County and Dahuang No.2 in Baiyu County.