Study On Biological Characteristics Of Dianthus Spiculifolius Schur And Dianthus Carthusianorum L

Dianthus spiculifolius Schur and Dianthus carthusianorum L are perennial herbaceous ground cover of the genus Caryophyllaceae,overwintering in the open field in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,with simple management and high ornamental value,are ornamental flowers and ground cover resources with great application prospects in the future.In this experiment,biennial D.spiculifolius and D.carthusianorum overwintering plants and seeds collected in 2019 were used as test materials,on the phenological characteristics of two kinds of Dianthus cultivated on the nursery,investigate the vegetative organs form,flower form,on seed germination and seedling growth adaptability to the environment has carried on the preliminary test,in order to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for their production and application in Harbin,the main results were as follows:(1)Phenological characteristics: The green period of D.spiculifolius was about 300 days,and the green period of D.carthusianorum was about 240 days;In early and mid-May,the group of D.spiculifolius and D.carthusianorum plants began to enter the flowering period,the former flowering period lasted about 70 days,while the latter had a flowering period about 190 days;In mid-December of the current year and late February of the following year,D.carthusianorum and D.spiculifolius had successively entered the yellowing period,and the two entered the yellowing period with a difference of more than two months;According to the investigation on the flowering of cutting seedlings in the greenhouse in different months,it was clear that low temperature in autumn was an important factor affecting the differentiation of flower buds of D.spiculifolius,while the low temperature of D.carthusianorum was less affected.(2)Morphological characteristics of vegetative organs: The root system of real seedlings was more developed and more adaptable than the root system of cutting seedlings,the growth adaptability of the root system of D.spiculifolius cuttings was better than that of D.carthusianorum;There was no obvious difference in stems morphological characteristics,the stems of the seedlings were densely grown and the stem nodes were enlarged,both could produce fine roots;The outer stoma of the leaves and the surface stomata were different in size,there were different shapes of serrations on the edge of the leaves.The leaves of D.carthusianorum were wider than that of D.spiculifolius,the blades of the lower end of the stems were withered earlier,observation under an electron microscope revealed that the serrated end of the latter was round and blunt,the former was small and sharp;Long oval,the length and width of the outer stomata of the former stomata were larger than those of the latter.(3)Flower morphology observation: They were endogenous flowers with membranous margins,the surfaces were often covered with fine short hairs.There were obvious differences in flower color,flower throat pattern,floral organ characteristic statistics and pollen morphology.The flower color and flower throat pattern of D.spiculifolius were more abundant than that of D.carthusianorum;the statistical values of floral organs of the former were greater than the latter;Observation under an electron microscope revealed that both pollen grains were round in shape,pollen outer wall decoration and germination hole characteristics were significantly different.The former was dominated by tumor-like ornaments with 4-6 small thorns on the perforated membrane,the latter was mainly thorn-shaped with 5-7 small thorns on the perforated membrane.(4)Seed germination characteristics: There was no obvious difference in morphology and color between the two seeds,the 1000-grain weight and water content of D.spiculifolius seeds were lower than those of D.carthusianorum;The suitable temperature range for germination of D.spiculifolius and D.carthusianorum was 10-28 ℃and 10-16 ℃ respectively,when the germination temperature was 22 ℃ and 16 ℃,the seed germination rate,germination potential and germination index of the two reached the best;Compared with the four common soil s in the northeast region,under the same conditions,two kinds of Dianthus seeds and seedlings grew better in the peat soil with neutral p H.(5)Comparison of saline-alkali resistance: Under salt-alkali stress conditions,both seed germination and seedling growth were significantly inhibited.The effects of the same concentration on seed germination were different: D.spiculifolius was saline-alkali mixed > salt > alkali,D.carthusianorum was salt > saline-alkali mixed > alkali.The plant height,leaf length,leaf width and root length of both seedlings cultivated in this environment were all inhibited by growth,after treatment,the color of the leaves became light to transparent white.In summary,the two have obvious advantages such as being able to overwinter in the open,long flowering periods,extensive management,low requirements for planting soil conditions,both are suitable for popularization and application in the northeast region.Seed germination and seedling growth stages are more sensitive to environmental changes,to improve survival rate and ornamental effect,cutting seedlings should be preferred in actual production.The green period of D.spiculifolius is longer,and the flowering period of D.carthusianorum is longer,high ornamental value,but they should be selected carefully in the greening of saline soil.