The Effects Of Different Ratio And Application Of Phosphorus,Potassium And Magnesium On The Growth And Development And Quality Of Japonica Rice Cultivars

In order to ascertain the optimum spraying rate and ratio of phosphorus,potassium and magnesium fertilizers for different japonica rice varieties with high yield and good quality,a new soft rice cultivar Yanjing Ruanyu No.1,a high-quality japonica rice cultivar Yanjing 219 with high amylose content and the new line Yanjing 4 was used as the test materials in this study.The orthogonal design of 9 treatments was carried out according to the four factors of cultivar,phosphate fertilizer,potassium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer.The field experiment was carried out and different concentrations of phosphate,potassium and magnesium fertilizer were sprayed at the early booting stage.The physiological characteristics,yield traits and quality traits of japonica rice varieties after fertilization were comprehensively investigated to explore the effects of phosphorus,potassium and magnesium application at the booting stage on the growth and quality of rice.The test results are as follows:1.The effect of different treatments on the physiological characteristics and yield of riceAfter medium-phosphorus and high-magnesium fertilization,the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of three cultivars were significantly higher than other treatments,The thousand-grain weight,number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate were significantly increased under this treatment.After the high-phosphorus-medium-magnesium treatment,the three cultivars could achieve highest yield.These results indicated that the ratio of medium phosphorus and high magnesium can effectively increase the chlorophyll content of rice and promote dry matter accumulation,thereby significantly improving the indicators of rice yield components;under the condition of high phosphorus and medium magnesium ratio,rice yield can be increased.2.The relationship between rice physiological characteristics and yield components and yieldCorrelation analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between yield and chlorophyll content,thousand-grain weight,number of grains per panicle,and seed setting rate;path analysis results show that the direct coefficient of effective tiller number to yield and the indirect coefficient of effective tiller number to yield through thousand-grain weight are greater,The number of grains per panicle has a greater direct effect on yield,andis positively correlated with yield.Therefore,the number of grains per panicle plays an important role in increasing the yield of rice.3.The effect of different treatments on rice qualityThe rice with medium phosphorus and high magnesium ratio has the best processing quality,the rice with high phosphorus,high potassium and high magnesium ratio has the best eating quality,the rice with medium potassium and high magnesium ratio has the highest starch RVA profile characteristic value and protein content,and medium phosphorus and medium potassium rice Rice with medium magnesium ratio has the lowest amylose content.It can be seen that there are significant differences in the effects of different varieties and different fertilization ratios on rice quality characteristics.4.The relationship between quality traitsCorrelation analysis indicated that protein content and compression area,amylose content and maximum viscosity,disintegration value,taste value,and adhesion properties,taste value and rice grain hardness,grain length and aspect ratio were all significant or extremely negative correlation;while the amylose content has a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the final viscosity,cooling value,hardness and rice grain hardness,and the taste value with compression distance,adhesion,grain thickness,chalky grain rate and chalkiness.The path analysis results show that the chalkiness,peak viscosity,whole rice rate,and adhesion not only have a large direct coefficient on the taste value,but also have a greater impact on the taste value through the grain thickness,final viscosity,protein content,and viscosity.Indirect influence,and grain thickness,protein content,rice grain hardness and taste value are also closely related.To further prove the complex relationship between quality traits,in the cultivation practice of rice varieties,corresponding fertilization ratios should be adopted according to specific goals,and finally a better comprehensive effect can be obtained.5.The relationship between yield traits and texture characteristicsThousand-seed weight and seed setting rate were significantly positively correlated with compression distance and compression area,respectively.Therefore,rational management of yield structure factors can be used in cultivar breeding and cultivation practices to improve the eating quality of rice.