| In this study,the high-quality broiler Yanshan Hongyu chicken was used as the experimental material to analyze the 0-5 month-old growth law of rooster and hen in cages,and combined with the body weight growth rule to make three growth curve models,Then,a series of correlation analyses were made based on the body weight,body size and slaughter indexes of aged 120 days.A systematic study of the genetic diversity of 20 pairs of microsatellite loci in Anka red chicken,Babcock white tail chicken,Babcock black tail chicken and Yanshan Hongyu chicken,and related to the growth and slaughter traits of this Yanshan Hongyu chicken.The combined analysis provides effective genetic markers for the late growth molecular marker-assisted selection of Yanshan Hongyu chicken.The results of the study are as follows:1.The average weight of Yanshan Hongyu rooster at 120 days is 3120±247.29g,and the average weight of Yanshan Hongyu hen at 120 years is 2250±274.25g.2.The slaughter rate of Yanshan Hongyu was 88.3%,and the hens were 89.66%,both higher than 85%;the half evisceration rate of roosters was 79.39%,and the hens were 79.40%,both exceeding 75%;the total evisceration rate of roosters was 79.39%.It is 66.26%and 66.49%for hens,both exceeding 65%.The slaughter performance is very good.3.The Gompertz model can better simulate the growth and development of Yanshan Hongyu rooster and hen.The fitted Yanshan Hongyu chicken rooster has an inflection point age of 7.488 weeks,an inflection point weight of 1342.55g,a maximum weekly gain of 289.99g,and a degree of fit of 1;its fitted Yanshan Hongyu chicken hen has an inflection point age of 7.384 weeks,The inflection point weight is 1043.20g,the maximum weekly gain is 205.51g,and the degree of fit is 0.997.4.The simple correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis of body weight,body size and slaughter performance all revealed that there is a significant correlation between most body measurements and slaughter performance indicators of Yanshan Hongyu male and female chickens,and the optimal regression equation for Yanshan Hongyu rooster live weight It is:Y=51.327X1+195.713X2;the carcass weight is:Y=43.693X1+177.777X2;the full eviscerated weight is:Y=38.831X1+115.341X2;the half eviscerated weight is:Y=42.640X1+149.745X2.The optimal regression equation for the live weight of Yanshan Hongyu hens is:Y=67.074X4;slaughter weight:Y=257.199X2;full eviscerated weight:Y=44.632X4;half eviscerated weight:Y=53.331X4;Combined with the regression equation of other slaughter indexes and body size,it can be seen that the four body weight indexes of caged Yanshan Hongyu roosters are significantly positively correlated with body oblique length and breast width,and most other rooster slaughter indexes are also related to body oblique length.Or breast width has a significant positive correlation;most of the slaughter indexes of hens have a significant relationship with breast width or bust circumference.Therefore,the oblique body length,breast width and bust circumference can be used as indirect selection criteria when breeding Yanshan Hongyu chicken in the future.5.A total of 192 alleles were detected at 20 microsatellite loci in 4 chicken flocks.The number of alleles detected at each site ranged from 4 to 15,with an average of 9.6 alleles per site.Higher polymorphism.The average number of effective alleles of the four chicken breeds ranged from 2.5677 to 3.1982,with little overall difference.The average PIC of 4 chicken breeds at 20 microsatellite loci is between 0.5016 and 0.5945,with an average value of 0.5481.15 of the 20microsatellite loci are highly polymorphic,and the remaining 5 are moderately polymorphic.The average I of 20 microsatellite loci in 4 chicken breeds ranged from1.0489 to 1.2817,and the overall difference was not significant.The average observed heterozygosity of the 4 flocks was 0.4732～0.5758,which was lower than the average expected heterozygosity of 0.5605～0.6590.Cluster analysis divided Anka red and Yanshan Hongyu chicken into one category,and Babcock white tail and Babcock black tail were divided into one category.6.Combining the results of variance analysis among alleles,different genotypes and traits,11 microsatellite loci that are duplicated by the two can be obtained.These loci may be more closely related to the QTL of Yanshan Hongyu Chicken.The 11microsatellite sites are as follows:MCW0067、MCW0081、LEI0166、MCW0123、MCW0014、MCW0034、MCW0165、MCW0248、MCW0330、MCW0206 and MCW0078.Later,in the multiple comparative analysis,4 microsatellite markers were significantly related to multiple slaughter indicators,as follows:MCW0183 had significant effects on body length,chest depth,chest muscle weight,abdominal fat rate,head weight and foot weight;MCW0014 has significant effects on chest circumference,carcass rate,heart weight and foot rate;MCW0165 has significant effects on breast width,wing weight,carcass rate,wing rate and liver weight;MCW0248 has significant effects on body weight,chest depth,bust circumference,sternum length,Leg muscle weight,wing weight,head weight,foot weight,liver weight,liver rate and abdominal fat rate have significant effects.Therefore,MCW0183,MCW0014,MCW0165 and MCW0248 can be used as specific markers in the breeding of Yanshan Hongyu chicken in the future. |
