Effects Of Grass On Microenvironment And Fruit Quality In Apple Orchards

Apple industry is one of the pillar industries in the development of characteristic forest and fruit industry in southern Xinjiang.Aksu region is the most important apple producing area in Xinjiang.In recent years,fruit farmers have one-sided pursuit of yield and partial application of chemical fertilizer,lack of organic fertilizer input,the type and amount of fertilizer is not scientific,and most of them adopt clear tillage system,which leads to soil consolidation,decreased soil fertility,and increased incidence of diseases and insect pests,which not only affects fruit quality and production benefits but also is not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of orchard.In addition,Aksu area is dry and windy,and the soil organic matter content is generally low.Therefore,the reform of traditional orchard clear tillage system for growing grass system has become the key to optimize and upgrade the forestry and fruit industry in Aksu region and the whole southern Xinjiang,and the healthy and sustainable development.This study through the orchard grass planting apple orchards alaer,different in growth of grass and under the condition of different growth patterns,the orchard micro domain environment,soil physical and chemical properties,tree vegetative growth and fruit yield and quality indexes were measured,sward to apple orchards micro domain environment,soil properties and the effect of fruit quality,for the southern xinjiang arid regions orchard grass planting technology to promote to provide scientific theory basis.The main research results are as follows:1.Compared with clear tillage,grass in apple orchard can significantly increase the relative humidity of air in the orchard,reduce the air temperature at noon,increase the air temperature at dusk,reduce the light intensity of the orchard and reduce the soil temperature at 0-15 cm depth.Among all treatments,the mixed planting area of orchard grass had the best effect.2.Compared with clear tillage,grass significantly increased the soil water content in the orchard,and it was most obvious in the 0-40 cm soil layer.It significantly decreased the soil bulk density in the 0-60 cm soil layer,and increased the soil total porosity,aeration porosity and water-holding porosity.The proportion of soil aggregates in 0-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased.The p H value of 0-40 cm soil and the salt content of 0-20 cm soil were decreased,especially in the mixed planting area.Growing grass could significantly increase the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,magnesium in 0-60 cm soil layer,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,copper,iron,manganese in 0-40 cm soil layer,and the content of boron in 20-60 cm soil layer,and the effect was more obvious in mixed planting,oat,and natural grass area.The number of fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes in soil of orchard was significantly increased by growing grass,and the effect of mixed planting was the best.3.Compared with clear tillage,green grass can promote the growth of tree stem height,dry thickness,crown width and new shoot,which is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees,and the mixed planting treatment has the best effect.Rearing grass could significantly improve leaf weight,chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index.The contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,iron,manganese,zinc and boron in leaves were increased,while the contents of total phosphorus were decreased.Mixed-planting had the best effect.4.Compared with clear tillage,green grass could increase fruit weight per plant yield and fruit shape index,and reduce fruit flesh hardness;The fruit texture,soluble sugar content,ratio of sugar to acid,starch content and anthocyanin content were improved,and titratable acid content was decreased.Mixed-planting treatment had the best effect.