Research On Effects Of Circle Model Of Fruit-Grass-Pig-Methane-Fruit" On Longan Fruit Quality And Soil Environment

With "Lu Feng one" which is main cultured Longan varieties in Lu zhou as the test material, basis on "Pig-Marsh Gas-Fruit" and orgauic production requirement,we established circle model of "Fruit-Grass-Pig-Methane-Fruit". By the implementation of applying biogas manure and orchard green covering measures on Longan, with chemical fertilizer and no treatment as the control groups,we researched fruit quality, the soil physical and chemical properties, the change law of soil microorganism and soil enzyme activity。Comprehensive analyzing the effect of biogas on producing high quality Longan,we explored the feasibility of "Fruit-Grass-Pig-Methane-Fruit" and selected the best treatment scheme to provid scientific theory for high quality Longan production. The results were as follows:total soluble sugar, titrationable acid,sugar acid ratio, vitamin C, lycopene, soluble solid, fruit width, fruit length, fruit index1. Applying biogas increased longitudinal and traverse diameter and single fruit weight significantly, decreased fruit shape index.The best single fruit weight is 8.26g for trentment C1, compared with CK which is increased 52.9% and significantly higher than other groups. At the same time, the biogas effect on edible rate significantly, the first is C2, increased 42.2% than CK, then C1、B2、B1、A2、 A1、D1 and D2 are significantly higher than CK.2. The TSS of all treatments is significantly higher thanCK. With the representation that the highest one is respectively C1 (22.7%) and C2 (22.65), increased 6.4% and 6.35% from CK but no differences between the two groups. The two groups with highest total sugar are C2 (18.06%) and B2 (17.79%), which have no differences but significantly higher than other groups. Every treatment has low titratable acid content, A2 (0.081g/100ml) is the best one and CK (0.111 g/100ml) is worst. In all of biogas groups, sugar acid ratios are over 90:land B2 (109.57:1)is the best result. Compared with single using biogas, groups of "biogas+green covering"have more excellent manifestations. For content of vitamin C, C2 (7.02mg/100g)is very significantly higher than others.3. All treatments of soil water content increased significantly or very significantly to CK exception for D1, which has no obvious difference to CK. Groups applied Green covering (A2、B2、C2、D2) kept elevating at prophase and metaphase, then changed to be steady at late. Treatment B2 has the best influence. On the whole, the groups with no green covering(A1、B1、C1、D1) are fluctuation according to time, only D1 fluctuates acutely like the CK. The soil bulk density of all groups significantly declined except D2. Biogas groups have a better decline speed, the fertilizer group have little change. After green manuring at late, A2、B2、C2、D2 declined more.4. Applied biogas and green covering has a high effect on soil pH, appositionally, fertilizer group can bring acidification. Biogas can advance soil organic matter content, increasing with the manure amount. The content is over 2%.Because of green manuring,the growth rate of A2、B2 and C2 significantly are faster than A1、B1 and C1,at the same time, the speed of D2 has increased.5. Biogas treatments contribute to increase available nitrogen content, which has a better effect than chemical fertilizer, increasing with the manure amount. Nitrogen fixation of hairy vetch has taken a good contribution to available nitrogen content, leading the growth rate of A2、B2、C2 and D2 faster than A1、B1、C1 and D1 in the middle and late period. After green manuring, nitrogen inside hairy vetch would have returned to soil. Soil available potassium content has a big relationship with the manure amount. The biogas groups have obviously advantage, increasing 150%～204%. Green covering has no effect on it. All treatments of soil available phosphorus content increased. The biogas groups have made it improve 50.4%～69%,which significantly are better than chemical fertilizer. Green covering is good for available phosphorus. After 18th May, hairy vetch started to play its role to make available phosphorus content of A2、B2、C2 and D2 more than it of A1、B1、 C1 and D1.6. The amount of soil bacteria increased very significantly by using biogas increasing with the manure amount, chemical fertilizer made the amount of soil bacteria increased, too. But the result is far lower than biogas.A11 biogas groups and D2 can increase the amount of soil fungi, first for treatment C2,second for B2 which is more than C1 but has no obvious difference on it. Groups of Green covering increased significantly to groups of single fertilize. Chemical fertilizer has little influence on soil fungi. Every biogas group can improve the amount of soil actinomycetes significantly, increasing with the manure amount. Green covering always can increase it significantly. Long-term applied hemical fertilizer will go against actinomycetes.7. The activity of soil urease increased with the manure amount at prophase. In the middle of period, the activity of soil urease kept on increasing by "biogas+green covering",which changed to be steady by single fertilize. The activity of soil phosphatase and the manure amount exhibited a positive correlation, group C2 is best. Using fertilize advanced the activity of soil invertase up. Biogas is superior to chemical fertilizer, which improve it to 166.81～333.9μg/g. Under the same condition of manure amount, green covering is more effective than single biogas. In the whole period of blooming and fruiting, the activity of calatase has a little change. There is no obvious difference in all treatments. Every level of manure amount had no obvious correlation with the activity of calatase.